Biology (Cell Cycle)

Cytokinesis

As a result of mitosis, two nuclei-each with a duplicate set of chromosomes-are formed, usually within the cytoplasm of a single cell. All that remains to complete the M phase of the cycle is cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm itself. Cytokinesis usually occurs at the same time as telophase. Cytoplasm takes place a lot of different ways. The cytoplasm pinches in half. Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes.

Interphase

Includes G1, S and G2. When cells are not dividing they go to G0 stage. Cell grows; cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes are duplicated. (G1) DNA is replicated; Each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell (S) Cell grows and prepares for mitosis; The cell "double checks" the duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repairs. (G2)

Metaphase

Metaphase lasts only a few minutes. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere.

Telophase

Telophase, the fourth and last stage of mitosis. In telophase, the chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material. A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The spindle begins to break apart, and a nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus. Mitosis is complete but the process of cell division is not complete. The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. Two new nuclear membranes form.

Prophase

The first and longest phase of mitosis. Takes as much as 50 to 60 percent of the total time required to complete mitosis. The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear membrane breaks down. Spindles are a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. During Prophase, the condensed chromosomes become attached to fibers in the spindle at a point near the centromere of each chromatid. Near the end of prophase, the chromosomes coil more tightly. The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Anaphase

The third phase of mitosis. During Anaphase, the centromeres that join the sister chromatids separate allowing the sister chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes. The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups near the poles of the spindle. (The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart) Anaphase ends when the chromosomes stop moving.

Cell Cycle - A Cells Life

When Do Cells Divide: -cells respond to protein signals in your body. -these tell cells whether to divide or not.

Mitosis

When the nucleus splits; PMAT (Please Make Apples Tasty)- When checkpoints are ignored, Cancer forms. Mitosis is when cell division happens