Biology Cell Organelles Quiz

organelle that appears as a stack of flattened membranes; it modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell

Golgi apparatus

small organelles filled with enzymes that break down large molecules and organelles that are no longer useful

Lysosomes

The _ contains nearly all of a cell's _ and, with it, coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.

Nucleus; DNA

structures that have specialized functions in eukaryotic cells

Organelles

Organelles that build proteins (MAKE YOUR ANSWER SINGULAR OR IT WILL BE WRONG)

Ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in allcells; they produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA

Ribosomes

What is the dfference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes, while smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes. The ribosomes are what give rough endoplasmic reticulum its characteristic "roughness."

when a cell allows some substances, but not others, to pass across them

Selectively permeable

True or False: Nearly all of the mitochondria in your cells were inherited from your mother

True

membrane - enclosed saclike structures that store water, salts, and organic molecules

Vacuoles

organelles made from tubulins; they help organize cell division in animal cells

centrioles

capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis

chloroplasts

strong but flexible barrier between the cell and its surroundings

lipid bilayer

What does the term organelle mean literally?

little organ

found in nearly all eukaryotic cells; they convert the chemical energy stored in food to a usable form

mitochondria

Describe the steps involved in the synthesis, packaging and export of a protein from a cell. (5 Steps)

1. Proteins are assembled on proteins 2. Proteins targeted for export to the cell membrane, or to specialized locations within the cell, complete their assembly on ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 3. Newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. 4. Golgi apparatus further modifies proteins before sorting and packaging them in membrane-bound vesicles. 5. Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus are shipped to their final destination in, or out of, the cell.

support, shape, and protect the cell. Most prokaryotes and many eukaryotes have them.

Cell membrane

Organelles that capture and release energy (MAKE YOUR ANSWER SINGULAR OR IT WILL BE WRONG)

Chloroplast and mitochondria

the fluid portion of the cell outside of the nucleus

Cytoplasm

network of protein filaments; it helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in movement

Cytoskeleton

an internal membrane system where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

True or False: Chloroplast can be found in animal cells

False

True or False: Contractile vacuoles pump excess water into the cell while other types hold materials inside of cells.

False

True or False: Unlike chloroplast, mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane

False

These organelles store, clean up and support the cell (MAKE YOUR ANSWER SINGULAR OR IT WILL BE WRONG)

Vacuoles, cytoskeleton, centriole, lysosome,