Biology: Cell Unit

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1. all living cells are made of cells 2.cells are the basic unit of structure & function 3.new cells come from exsisting cells

What is the three parts of cell theory?

cell membrane

What surrounds all cells?

phospholipids and embedded proteins

What two things make up cell membranes?

Active

What type of cell transport requires energy?

Equilibrium

When molecules are even throughout a space its called..

Centrioles

aid in mitosis

Mitochondria

cell respiration uses (Mitochondria or Chloroplasts)

Some cells have a _____ ______ that provides support and ________.

cell wall, protection

Chloroplasts convert ______ energy into ______ energy.

light, chemical

Smooth ER is used to synthesis _____.

lipids

Chloroplasts

photosynthesis uses: (Mitochondria or Chloroplasts)

Rough ER is used to synthesis ______.

proteins

Cells make proteins on _______ that are often attached to the highly folded endoplasmic reticulum.

ribosomes

Higher concentration of the solute than the cell

Hypertonic

Lower concentration of the solute than the cell

Hypotonic

__________ break down sugar molecules to release energy.

Mitochondria

What is the function of a Nucleic Acid?

Store and transmits genetic info.

1. Makes Proteins and lipids 2. detoxifies poisons 3. control calcium level in muscles.

Smooth ER Does:

Eukaryotic cell.

10x larger than a prokaryotic cell

A lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell. Is a protective layer that controls what comes in and out of the cell.

Cell Membrane

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell; found only in plant cells.

Cell wall

Pigment that traps light energy and gives leaves and stems their green color.

Chlorophyll

Found only in autotrophs; contains the pigment chlorophyll; trap sunlight and converts it to energy (photosynthesis).

Chloroplast

Jelly- like substance found in cells where the organelles float.

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes are attached to the surface of this organelle. It allows materials to travel around the cell. Known as the "highway" of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the function of a Carbohydrate?

Energy

What is the function of a Lipid?

Energy, and insulin

________ cells have a nucleus and other organelles are enclosed by a plasma membrane.

Eukaryotic

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin, and Sugars.

Examples of Carbohydrates:

Grass, Pine trees, Moles, Fruit flies.

Examples of Eukaryotic cells:

Oil, Fat, and phospholipids.

Examples of Lipids:

RNA and DNA

Examples of Nucleic Acids:

E. Coil, Archea, Bacteria, Salmonella

Examples of Prokaryotic cells:

Muscle, Insulin, Hair, Nails, Antibodies, and Hemoglobin

Examples of Proteins:

Longer projections that move with a whip-like motion.

Flagella

Membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It packages proteins for transport in the cell. "The mail room" of the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

Cells store materials in the ____ ______ and _______.

Golgi apparatus, vacuoles

The regulation of the organism to make it suitable for survival.

Homeostasis:

Rough ER has ribosomes and smooth ER does not.

How does rough ER and smooth ER differ?

4 types of monomers

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Proteins

Organelle that engulfs dead organelles or foreign matter and is basically a recycling center.

Lysosome

Organelle that produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP. Referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.

Mitochondria

Stores RNA; where ribosomes are made.

Nucleolus

'Brain' of the cell; stores DNA; contains chromosomes.

Nucleus

Cellulose

Plants store carbohydrates as;

small; lack a nucleus.

Prokararyotic

Responsible for making proteins.

Ribosome

solution

The substance that has one thing dissolved in another

What is the function of a protein?

Transport, Structure, Enzymes

Diffusion, Osmosis

Two types of passive transport:

Storage unit of the cell; stores water, nutrients, and waste.

Vacuoles

carbon dioxide, water, light energy

What are the reactants for Photosynthesis?

Passive and active transport

What are the two main types of cell transport?

amino acids

What chains make up proteins?

Help make proteins

What does RNA do?

solute

What is being dissolved

when particles are too large to fit through the cell membrane, they travel through a carrier protien (no energy required)

What is facilitated diffusion?

diffusion of water across a membrane

What is osmosis?

when molecules spread from an area of high to an area of low concentration

What is simple diffusion?

a difference between concentrations in a space (along high-low)

What is the concentration gradient?

Destroy bacteria, Prevent virus's.

What is the function of White Blood Cells?


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