Biology: Cell Unit
1. all living cells are made of cells 2.cells are the basic unit of structure & function 3.new cells come from exsisting cells
What is the three parts of cell theory?
cell membrane
What surrounds all cells?
phospholipids and embedded proteins
What two things make up cell membranes?
Active
What type of cell transport requires energy?
Equilibrium
When molecules are even throughout a space its called..
Centrioles
aid in mitosis
Mitochondria
cell respiration uses (Mitochondria or Chloroplasts)
Some cells have a _____ ______ that provides support and ________.
cell wall, protection
Chloroplasts convert ______ energy into ______ energy.
light, chemical
Smooth ER is used to synthesis _____.
lipids
Chloroplasts
photosynthesis uses: (Mitochondria or Chloroplasts)
Rough ER is used to synthesis ______.
proteins
Cells make proteins on _______ that are often attached to the highly folded endoplasmic reticulum.
ribosomes
Higher concentration of the solute than the cell
Hypertonic
Lower concentration of the solute than the cell
Hypotonic
__________ break down sugar molecules to release energy.
Mitochondria
What is the function of a Nucleic Acid?
Store and transmits genetic info.
1. Makes Proteins and lipids 2. detoxifies poisons 3. control calcium level in muscles.
Smooth ER Does:
Eukaryotic cell.
10x larger than a prokaryotic cell
A lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell. Is a protective layer that controls what comes in and out of the cell.
Cell Membrane
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell; found only in plant cells.
Cell wall
Pigment that traps light energy and gives leaves and stems their green color.
Chlorophyll
Found only in autotrophs; contains the pigment chlorophyll; trap sunlight and converts it to energy (photosynthesis).
Chloroplast
Jelly- like substance found in cells where the organelles float.
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes are attached to the surface of this organelle. It allows materials to travel around the cell. Known as the "highway" of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of a Carbohydrate?
Energy
What is the function of a Lipid?
Energy, and insulin
________ cells have a nucleus and other organelles are enclosed by a plasma membrane.
Eukaryotic
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin, and Sugars.
Examples of Carbohydrates:
Grass, Pine trees, Moles, Fruit flies.
Examples of Eukaryotic cells:
Oil, Fat, and phospholipids.
Examples of Lipids:
RNA and DNA
Examples of Nucleic Acids:
E. Coil, Archea, Bacteria, Salmonella
Examples of Prokaryotic cells:
Muscle, Insulin, Hair, Nails, Antibodies, and Hemoglobin
Examples of Proteins:
Longer projections that move with a whip-like motion.
Flagella
Membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It packages proteins for transport in the cell. "The mail room" of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Cells store materials in the ____ ______ and _______.
Golgi apparatus, vacuoles
The regulation of the organism to make it suitable for survival.
Homeostasis:
Rough ER has ribosomes and smooth ER does not.
How does rough ER and smooth ER differ?
4 types of monomers
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Proteins
Organelle that engulfs dead organelles or foreign matter and is basically a recycling center.
Lysosome
Organelle that produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP. Referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
Mitochondria
Stores RNA; where ribosomes are made.
Nucleolus
'Brain' of the cell; stores DNA; contains chromosomes.
Nucleus
Cellulose
Plants store carbohydrates as;
small; lack a nucleus.
Prokararyotic
Responsible for making proteins.
Ribosome
solution
The substance that has one thing dissolved in another
What is the function of a protein?
Transport, Structure, Enzymes
Diffusion, Osmosis
Two types of passive transport:
Storage unit of the cell; stores water, nutrients, and waste.
Vacuoles
carbon dioxide, water, light energy
What are the reactants for Photosynthesis?
Passive and active transport
What are the two main types of cell transport?
amino acids
What chains make up proteins?
Help make proteins
What does RNA do?
solute
What is being dissolved
when particles are too large to fit through the cell membrane, they travel through a carrier protien (no energy required)
What is facilitated diffusion?
diffusion of water across a membrane
What is osmosis?
when molecules spread from an area of high to an area of low concentration
What is simple diffusion?
a difference between concentrations in a space (along high-low)
What is the concentration gradient?
Destroy bacteria, Prevent virus's.
What is the function of White Blood Cells?
