biology ch 1

Looking at this figure, how many electrons do elements in group 1 need to lose in order to achieve a stable electron configuration? 0 3 11 1

1

How many neutrons do carbon-12 and carbon-13 have, respectively? 12, 13 12, 10 12, 12 13,12

12, 13

Looking at this figure, how many electrons do elements in group 14 need to gain in order to achieve a stable electron configuration? 14 4 1 8

4

if hydrogen ions were added to water, the pH could be: -2 7 14 5

5

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have? 26 54 108 55

54

What kind of sugars are these, aldose or ketose? Glucose, fructose and galactose are all aldoses. Glucose and fructose are aldoses. Galactose is a ketose. Glucose and galactose are ketoses. Fructose is a aldose. Glucose and galactose are aldoses. Fructose is a ketose.

Glucose and galactose are aldoses. Fructose is a ketose.

which of the following is considered to be alive?

bacteria

which of the following corresponds to the most recent common ancestor on a phylogeny tree?

basal node

We call a molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution a(n) ________. donator isotope acid base

base

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of "living" is the ________.

cell

Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance? starch cellulose lactose glycogen

cellulose

which of the following statements is false?

communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems

in the ecosystem pictured, which term describes the individual groups of squirrels, birds, bugs, and other species that interact with each other and share resources?

community

which of the following sciences is not considered a natural science?

computer science

When acids are added to a solution, the pH should ________. increase cannot tell without testing stay the same decrease

decrease

Insects generally survive mild winters better than harsh ones. Therefore, infect pests will become more problematic if global temperatures increase

deductive

chromosomes, the carriers of DNA, separate into daughter cells during cell division, therefore, each daughter cell will have the same chromosomes set as the mother cell

deductive

A nucleotide of DNA may contain ________. ribose, thymine, and a phosphate group ribose, uracil, and a phosphate group deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group deoxyribose, uracil, and a phosphate group

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

the presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of _____

eukaryotic cells

Each carbon molecule can bond with as many as________ other atom(s) or molecule(s). six two one four

four

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a ________ bond between glucose and ________. hydrogen; sucrose hydrogen; fructose glycosidic; galactose glycosidic; lactose

glycosidic; galactose

Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond? atomic bond covalent bond hydrogen bond nonpolar covalent bond

hydrogen bond

During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place? hydrolysis condensation dehydration covalent bond

hydrolysis

a suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a _____

hypothesis

if a scientist finds there is a correlation between the independent and dependent variables, then the relationship is considered _____

indirect

all flying birds and insects have wings, and birds and insects flap their wings as they move through the air, therefore, wings enable flight

inductive

animals as diverse as humans, insects, and wolves all exhibit social behavior, therefore, social behavior must have an evolutionary advantage

inductive

A person notices that her houseplants that are regularly exposed to music seem to grow more quickly than those in rooms with no music. As a result, she determines that plants grow better when exposed to music. This example most closely resembles which type of reasoning?

inductive reasoning

the type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called ________

inductive reasoning

Which of the following statements is not true? Water is polar. Water is essential for life. Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth's atmosphere. Water stabilizes temperature.

Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth's atmosphere.

image : H2O This image is an example of: a polar covalent bond because electrons have been transferred an ionic bond because electrons have been transferred an ionic bond because electrons are shared unequally a polar covalent bond because electrons are shared unequally

a polar covalent bond because electrons are shared unequally

Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called ________. Anions Neutrons Isotopes Ions

isotopes

which of the following is the most inclusive?

kingdoms

based on the image, which is an example of inductive reasoning?

all fish live in water

An example of a monosaccharide is ________. fructose glucose galactose all of the above

all of the above

The monomers that make up proteins are called ________. nucleotides disaccharides chaperones amino acids

amino acids

viruses are not considered living because they...

are not made of cells

the first forms of life on earth were...

microorganisms

The building blocks of nucleic acids are ________. sugars nucleotides nitrogenous bases peptides

nucleotides

at the organismic level, which of the following would be at the top of the hierarchy?

organ

In hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluoride loses an electron to hydrogen. Fluorine (F) is: reduced and is the reducing agent. oxidized and is the reducing agent. reduced and is the oxidizing agent. oxidized and is the oxidizing agent.

oxidized and is the reducing agent.

The process of ________ helps to ensure that a scientist's research is original, significant, logical, and thorough.

peer review

Cellulose and starch are examples of: lipids monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides

polysaccharides

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is called a(n) ____

population

Which of the following is not an extracellular matrix role of carbohydrates? provide energy for muscle movement prevent plant cells from lysing after the plant is watered protect an insect's internal organs from external trauma maintain the shape of a fungal spore

provide energy for muscle movement

The α helix and the β pleated sheet are part of which protein structure? primary secondary tertiary quaternary

secondary

Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration? shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has three electrons shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron shells 1 and 2 are full, and shell 3 has nine electrons shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and no other electrons are present

shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron

which statement is true about deductive reasoning?

specific conclusions are inferred from general observations

Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one misfolded protein causes all other copies of the protein to begin misfolding. This is an example of a disease impacting ____ structure. secondary quaternary tertiary primary

tertiary

Phospholipids are important components of ________. the waxy covering on leaves the double bond in hydrocarbon chains the ring structure of steroids the plasma membrane of cells

the plasma membrane of cells

Valence electrons determine properties of an element because: There are more electrons than protons. They control the type of bonds made. There are fewer electrons than protons. Electrons are larger than protons.

they control the type of bonds made

which statement is not true about all living things?

they have 26 chromosomes or more

Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except: they are usually obtained from animal sources they have single bonds within the carbon chain they are solid at room temperature they tend to dissolve in water easily

they tend to dissolve in water easily

Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of water and polymers monomers none of the above polymers

water and polymers

Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane? within the tail bilayer attached to the intracellular surface on the extracellular surface embedded with the phospholipid heads

within the tail bilayer

Which of the following statements is true? Acids and bases cannot mix together. Acids and bases will neutralize each other. Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH-); bases donate hydrogen ions (H+). Acids, but not bases, can change the pH of a solution.

Acids and bases will neutralize each other.

How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome? The sugar phosphate backbone provides a template for DNA replication. tRNA pairing with the template strand creates proteins encoded by the genome. Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure. Complementary base pairing allows for easy editing of both strands of DNA.

Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure.

A mutation occurs, and adenine replaces cytosine. What impact do you think this will have on the DNA structure? None of these answers are correct Adenine is larger than cytosine and will not be able to base pair properly with the guanine on the opposing strand. This will cause the DNA to bulge. Nothing, only one base pair changed and it is not enough to alter the protein it will encode Adenine is larger than cytosine and only 2 bonds will form. The structure will not have any further complications

None of these answers are correct

Which categories of amino acid would you expect to find on a soluble protein's surface, and which would you expect to find in the interior? Polar and charged amino acid residues (the remainder after peptide bond formation) are more likely to be found on the surface of soluble proteins where they can interact with water, and nonpolar (e.g., amino acid side chains) are more likely to be found in the interior where they are sequestered from water. Nonpolar amino acid residues (the remainder after peptide bond formation) are more likely to be found on the surface of soluble proteins where they can interact with water, and polar (e.g., amino acid side chains) are more likely to be found in the interior where they are sequestered from water.

Polar and charged amino acid residues (the remainder after peptide bond formation) are more likely to be found on the surface of soluble proteins where they can interact with water, and nonpolar (e.g., amino acid side chains) are more likely to be found in the interior where they are sequestered from water.

Which of the following is NOT true about molecules? All atoms in a molecule have complete outer shells. The number of protons changes when atoms form a molecule. Uncharged atoms are less stable than the molecules they form when combined. Atoms are connected via their electrons.

The number of protons changes when atoms form a molecule