Biology Ch. 7

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What is the function of the mitochondria? Which types of cells would contain large numbers of mitochondria?

"power-house"; generates ATP; muscle cells

3 parts of cell theory

1. cell is basic unit of life 2. all living things are made from cells 3. cells can only come from existing cells

3 organelles/structures found in plant cells ONLY

1. cell wall 2. chloroplasts 3. central vacuole

Name 2 organelles that are classified as plastids

1. chloroplasts 2. leukoplasts

Name and describe two types of structures that extend from the surface and provide movement in some types of cells

1. flagellum-taillike structure 2. cillia-hairlike structures

Name 2 cell structures found ONLY in animal cells and not plant cells

1. lysosomes 2. centriole

Which types of cells have membranes? Ribosomes? Nucleus?

ALL; ALL; only eukaryotic

The DNA that is not dividing is present in the form of:

Chromatin

Matthias Schleiden (1838)

German botanist stated ALL plants are made up of cells

Rudolf Virchow (1855)

German pathologist stated ALL cells come from other cells

Theodor Schwann (1839)

German zoologist stated ALL animals are made up of cells

endoplasmic reticulum

a complex network of channels that is involved with transport, storage, and making and modifying proteins

ribosome

an organelle that synthesizes proteins

organelle

any tiny structure that performs a specialized function

Name the carbohydrate that composes cell walls in plants?

cellulose

lysosome

contains digestive enzymes that help clean up the cell

mitochondria

converts chemical energy in food into a form that is more easily used by the cell (ATP)

Robert Hooke (1665)

first person to study cells; coined term cell

centriole

found only in animal cells and helps with cell division by pulling apart chromosomes

cytoskeleton

framework of filaments and fibers involved in cell support and movement

microfilament

long, thin, fiber that functions in the movement and the support of the cell

Golgi Apparatus

modified, collects, packages, and distributes proteins that are produced by the cell

What are cell membranes composed of?

phospholipid bilayer proteins

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1675)

reported a viewing living under a microscope

vacuoles

saclike storage structure found in both animal and plant cells and tend to be larger in plant cells

How do you describe the cell membrane in terms of permeability?

selectively permeable

microfilaments

short, threadlike, structure found in both animal and plant cells

What are organelles?

sub-cellular compartments that perform specialized functions

microtubule

tiny hollow tube made of proteins that are involved in support, the movement of organelles within the cell, and the formation of centrioles

endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)

transport channels that are studded with ribosomes

chloroplast

traps energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy


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