Biology Ch. 7
What is the function of the mitochondria? Which types of cells would contain large numbers of mitochondria?
"power-house"; generates ATP; muscle cells
3 parts of cell theory
1. cell is basic unit of life 2. all living things are made from cells 3. cells can only come from existing cells
3 organelles/structures found in plant cells ONLY
1. cell wall 2. chloroplasts 3. central vacuole
Name 2 organelles that are classified as plastids
1. chloroplasts 2. leukoplasts
Name and describe two types of structures that extend from the surface and provide movement in some types of cells
1. flagellum-taillike structure 2. cillia-hairlike structures
Name 2 cell structures found ONLY in animal cells and not plant cells
1. lysosomes 2. centriole
Which types of cells have membranes? Ribosomes? Nucleus?
ALL; ALL; only eukaryotic
The DNA that is not dividing is present in the form of:
Chromatin
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
German botanist stated ALL plants are made up of cells
Rudolf Virchow (1855)
German pathologist stated ALL cells come from other cells
Theodor Schwann (1839)
German zoologist stated ALL animals are made up of cells
endoplasmic reticulum
a complex network of channels that is involved with transport, storage, and making and modifying proteins
ribosome
an organelle that synthesizes proteins
organelle
any tiny structure that performs a specialized function
Name the carbohydrate that composes cell walls in plants?
cellulose
lysosome
contains digestive enzymes that help clean up the cell
mitochondria
converts chemical energy in food into a form that is more easily used by the cell (ATP)
Robert Hooke (1665)
first person to study cells; coined term cell
centriole
found only in animal cells and helps with cell division by pulling apart chromosomes
cytoskeleton
framework of filaments and fibers involved in cell support and movement
microfilament
long, thin, fiber that functions in the movement and the support of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
modified, collects, packages, and distributes proteins that are produced by the cell
What are cell membranes composed of?
phospholipid bilayer proteins
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1675)
reported a viewing living under a microscope
vacuoles
saclike storage structure found in both animal and plant cells and tend to be larger in plant cells
How do you describe the cell membrane in terms of permeability?
selectively permeable
microfilaments
short, threadlike, structure found in both animal and plant cells
What are organelles?
sub-cellular compartments that perform specialized functions
microtubule
tiny hollow tube made of proteins that are involved in support, the movement of organelles within the cell, and the formation of centrioles
endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
transport channels that are studded with ribosomes
chloroplast
traps energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy