Biology Chapter 17 Study Guide
Why id a virus not placed in the biological classification system
A virus is not considered to be living
Which domain does not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls and have the some of the same proteins that eukaryotes do
Achaea
What are the six kingdoms
Bacteria, Archaea, Protist, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
What are the three domains
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Why are Archaea called extremophiles
Because they can live in extreme environments
Who used an analogy of a tree to suggest that all of the species developed from one or a few species which was called the tree of life
Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel
____________ and _____________ analyses are powerful tools for reconstructing phylogenies
DNA and RNA
What is the description, limitation, and benefit for Typological species concept
Description: It is determined by the comparison of physical characteristics with a specimen Limitation: It has a wide variety of features within the species Benefit: It provides details records of the physical characteristics on the specimens
What is the description, limitation, and benefit for Phylogenetic species concept
Description: determined by evolutionary history Limitations: Evolutionary histories are not known for all species Benefit: Accounts for extinct species and considers molecular data
What is the description, limitation, and benefit for Biological species concept
Description: determined by similar characteristics and the ability to interbreed and produce an offspring Limitation: Does not account for extinct species Benefit: It is used frequently
What is the base for binomial nomenclature
Latin
Why is Latin the base for binomial nomenclature
Latin is an unchanged language and has been the language of science and education
Dobzhansky and Mayr defined species in what way
They defined a species as a group of organisms that is able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting
What were animals classified asa according to Aristotle
according to the presence or absence of "red blood"
Scientists use biochemical characters, such as _______________ and _______________ to help them determine evolutionary relationships among species
amino acids and nucleotides
Aristotle classified organisms as either _______________ or ________________
animals or plants
What id typological species based off
based of the idea that species are unchanging, distinct, and natural types
What is the term for the ability to produce a fertile offspring by interbreeding of organisms in a natural setting
biological species
The kingdom fungus has cell walls that contain _________________
chitin
The groups used in cladograms are called
clades
What is the most common system of classification today are based on a method of analysis
cladistics
What is broadest category in the classification system used by most biologists
domain
What are the sic taxonomic categories
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
Aristotles classification did no count for ___________________
evolutionary relationships
Linnaeus's system of classification was the ________________________ _____________________ system of taxonomic organization
first formal
Animals were further grouped according to their _____________________ and ___________________-
habitats and morphology
A fungus consists of a mass of threadlike filaments called
hyphae
Aristotles "bloodless" and "red-blood" animals nearly match the modern distinction of ________________________ and ___________________________
invertebrates and vertebrates
What is an outgroup
is the species or group of species on a cladogram that has more ancestral characters with respect to the other organism being compared.
What does the biological species not account
it does not account for the extinct species or species that reproduce asexually
What is DNA-DNA hybridization
it uses single strands of DNA fro different species are melted together
Characters and be _____________________ or __________________________
morphological or biochemical
Systematics can use these __________________ to hep them determine the degree of relationship among species
mutations
Unlike plants or animals, protists do not have _______________
organs
A cladogram is also called a
phylogenetic tree
Shared morphological characters suggest that species are _____________ ______________ and ___________ from a recent common ancestor
related closely and evolved
Taxonomy is apart of a larger branch of biology called ______________________
systematics
What is the study of biological diversity with an emphasis on evolutionary history
systematics
Aristotle and Linnaeus thought of each species as a distinctively different group of organisms based one physical similarities. What is this definition of species
typological species
