Biology Chapter 17 Study Guide

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Why id a virus not placed in the biological classification system

A virus is not considered to be living

Which domain does not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls and have the some of the same proteins that eukaryotes do

Achaea

What are the six kingdoms

Bacteria, Archaea, Protist, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

What are the three domains

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Why are Archaea called extremophiles

Because they can live in extreme environments

Who used an analogy of a tree to suggest that all of the species developed from one or a few species which was called the tree of life

Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel

____________ and _____________ analyses are powerful tools for reconstructing phylogenies

DNA and RNA

What is the description, limitation, and benefit for Typological species concept

Description: It is determined by the comparison of physical characteristics with a specimen Limitation: It has a wide variety of features within the species Benefit: It provides details records of the physical characteristics on the specimens

What is the description, limitation, and benefit for Phylogenetic species concept

Description: determined by evolutionary history Limitations: Evolutionary histories are not known for all species Benefit: Accounts for extinct species and considers molecular data

What is the description, limitation, and benefit for Biological species concept

Description: determined by similar characteristics and the ability to interbreed and produce an offspring Limitation: Does not account for extinct species Benefit: It is used frequently

What is the base for binomial nomenclature

Latin

Why is Latin the base for binomial nomenclature

Latin is an unchanged language and has been the language of science and education

Dobzhansky and Mayr defined species in what way

They defined a species as a group of organisms that is able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting

What were animals classified asa according to Aristotle

according to the presence or absence of "red blood"

Scientists use biochemical characters, such as _______________ and _______________ to help them determine evolutionary relationships among species

amino acids and nucleotides

Aristotle classified organisms as either _______________ or ________________

animals or plants

What id typological species based off

based of the idea that species are unchanging, distinct, and natural types

What is the term for the ability to produce a fertile offspring by interbreeding of organisms in a natural setting

biological species

The kingdom fungus has cell walls that contain _________________

chitin

The groups used in cladograms are called

clades

What is the most common system of classification today are based on a method of analysis

cladistics

What is broadest category in the classification system used by most biologists

domain

What are the sic taxonomic categories

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

Aristotles classification did no count for ___________________

evolutionary relationships

Linnaeus's system of classification was the ________________________ _____________________ system of taxonomic organization

first formal

Animals were further grouped according to their _____________________ and ___________________-

habitats and morphology

A fungus consists of a mass of threadlike filaments called

hyphae

Aristotles "bloodless" and "red-blood" animals nearly match the modern distinction of ________________________ and ___________________________

invertebrates and vertebrates

What is an outgroup

is the species or group of species on a cladogram that has more ancestral characters with respect to the other organism being compared.

What does the biological species not account

it does not account for the extinct species or species that reproduce asexually

What is DNA-DNA hybridization

it uses single strands of DNA fro different species are melted together

Characters and be _____________________ or __________________________

morphological or biochemical

Systematics can use these __________________ to hep them determine the degree of relationship among species

mutations

Unlike plants or animals, protists do not have _______________

organs

A cladogram is also called a

phylogenetic tree

Shared morphological characters suggest that species are _____________ ______________ and ___________ from a recent common ancestor

related closely and evolved

Taxonomy is apart of a larger branch of biology called ______________________

systematics

What is the study of biological diversity with an emphasis on evolutionary history

systematics

Aristotle and Linnaeus thought of each species as a distinctively different group of organisms based one physical similarities. What is this definition of species

typological species


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