Exam 1

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this, serving of this supplies ________ kcal

117 (15 x 4 + 3 x 4 + 5 x 9)

A serving of food supplies 100 kcal from protein. Based on this, how many grams of protein are in one serving?

25 (100/4)

Jorge weighs 198 lbs. What is his weight in kilograms?

90 kg (198/2.2)

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)? Visiting a chiropractor to have a spine treatment Consuming a probiotic yogurt to reduce the likelihood of diarrhea Using a homeopathic nasal spray to relieve a sinus infection All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Digestion of large food molecules into various nutrients Muscle tissues decreasing in size as a result of inactivity Weight loss as a result of starvation All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level, and he recommends the pills to his friends, because he thinks the supplement is helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an)

Anectode

Which of the following topics is one of the five key components of Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010? Reducing sodium and potassium Balancing calories to manage weight Eating for optimal health All of these are correct

Balancing calories to manage weight

Which of the following substances is a phytochemical? Cholesterol Iron oxide Caffeine None correct

Caffeine

Generally, epidemiological studies

Cannot determine cause and effect relationships

________ is an element

Carbon, nitrogen, and potassium

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent 4 different Myplate food groups? Ready to eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, and fat free milk Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese, swiss cheese, and 2 slices of buttered whole wheat bread Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches

Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

What factors influence a person's food choices?

Close friends, Food advertisements, and parent's food choices

Which of the following statements is true? Dietary supplements manufacturers are not permitted to include claims on their product labels Consumers can report negative health reports that may have resulted from their use of dietary supplements to the FDA Dietary supplements can be recalled if the products contain Kava, lysine, or glucosamine Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed in the U.S.

Consumers can report negative health reports that may have resulted from their use of dietary supplements to the FDA

A person's usual pattern of food choices is his or her

Diet

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? Purdue.edu Dietsnomore4u.com Eatright.org Choosemyplate.org

Dietsnomore4u.com

Sam wants to estimate grams of carbs in sugar-sweetened soft drink supplies 100 kcal per serving. Soft drink contains no fiber, protein, fat, and alcohol. To obtain value he should

Divide the number kcal per serving by 4

Iron, calcium, and carbon are

Elements

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions? Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestine Enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise Loss of body fat during a week of starvation None of these is correct.

Enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise

An __________ is a compound that initiates or catalyzes a chemical reaction

Enzyme

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating fake or misleading health-related claims is the

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Today, the only food Meghan ate was a casserole that contained 24 ounces of lemon-flavored yogurt, 16 oz of cooked turkey, and 10 oz of cooked noodles. According to MyPlate, she ate nothing from the group that includes

Fruit

________ can be classified as a dietary supplement

Gingko biloba

Tamika's 52-year-old father died as a result of a condition that is the leading cause of death in the United States. Based on this information, Tamika's father died from

Heart disease

Which of the following statements is true? Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine. The body needs more time to digest a high-carbohydrate meal than a high-fat meal.

Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

Hormones

Which of the following statements is true? Regular colon cleansing is essential for the healthy functioning of the digestive tract. Feces consists primarily of undigested sugars. Humans are omnivores. The hepatic portal artery collects nutrients from the intestinal tract and delivers them to the liver.

Humans are omnivores

Which of the following statements is true? People who describe themselves as nutritionists as registered dietitians In general, registered dietitians are reliable sources of nutrition information Pseudoscience's is the practice of medicine without proper training and credentials In U.S., person can obtain a Ph.D. in nutrition only by graduating from an accredited institution of higher learning

In general, registered dietitians are reliable sources of nutrition information

Kevin was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much niacin cures pellagra, the niacin deficiency disease. During the study, he consumed only a formula diet that was deficient in niacin. After developing pellagra, he was given 2 mg of niacin a day for 2 weeks, but he still suffered from the disease, so the scientists added 2 mg of the vitamin to Kevin's formula. By the beginning of the 5th week of the study, the researchers noticed that Kevin's signs and symptoms were greatly improved. At the end of the 5th week, he was feeling fine. The researchers concluded that

Kevin's niacin requirement was about 4 mg a day

Emily has a life threatening disease characterized by acidosis, breathing difficulties, and a deficiency of white blood cells. Based on this information, her

Kidneys are failing

Which of the following foods is not a source of phytochemicals? Blueberries Cashew nuts Whole grain bread Lean meat

Lean meat

Which of the following statements is true? Matter is composed of atoms Protons are negatively charged particles Electrons are positively charged particles All of the above

Matter is composed of atoms

________ is the total of all chemical activities that occur in cells

Metabolism

Which of the following statements is true? After an enzyme initiates a chemical reaction, it can no longer function. Most enzymes have names that end with -ase. Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. None of these are correct.

Most enzymes have names that end with -ase

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system.

Nervous

Which of the following websites enables you to plan nutritionally adequate meals and snacks? FTC.gov FDA.gov CDC.gov None are correct

None are correct

Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water? Tomato juice Gastric juice Orange juice None of these is correct.

None of these are correct

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

Not worry, because she is not constipated

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of myplate? Dairy Grains Oils Protein foods

Oils

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle info about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than those who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) _______ study

Prospective

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy? Protein Cholesterol Vitamin D Iron

Protein

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If article's author has the credentials _______ after their name, the article is likely to be reliable source nutrition and information.

R.D

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent 3 different myplate food groups? Ready to eat cereal with strawberries and fat free milk Fruit smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, orange juice, and fresh peaches Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese and 2 slices of whole-wheat bread Tuna-noodle casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Ready to eat cereal with strawberries and fat free milk

Ramon was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin D is required by healthy humans. During the study, Ramon consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin D. Within a few weeks, he developed signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency. At that point, researchers gave 5 mcg vitamin D to Ramon each day for a week, but his signs and symptoms of the deficiency remained. The next week, the scientists added 5 mcg vitamin D to his diet, so that his formula contained 10 mcg of the vitamin. By the end of that week, Ramon reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Ramon's

Requirement for vitamin D is 10 mg

Physical inactivity is a ________ for developing excess body fat and type 2 diabetes

Risk factor

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all Myplate food groups? Ready to eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, wheat germ, and fat free milk Sandwich made with Swiss cheese, cooked ham, mayo, and 2 slices buttered whole wheat bread Salad made hard cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese Smoothie made with vanilla fat free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, fresh peaches

Salad made hard cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)

Scare tactic

One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is empty calories?

Soft drink

An advertisement for a weight loss product includes __________, indicating that the ad is an unreliable source of nutrition information and the product is likely to be worthless.

Statement that individual results may vary, promises a quick and easy path to weight loss, and vague meaningless terms

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement hoodia for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)

Testimonial

Which of the following statements is true? A group of scientists at the academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed for DRIs The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% total energy intake RDAs meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people All answers are correct

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% total energy intake

A nutrition scientist has heard anecdotes about the usefulness of taking megadoses of vitamin C to prevent the common cold. The researcher decides to test the hypothesis that consuming such large doses of vitamin C are an effective way to prevent colds. He provides dietary supplements that contain 10 times the physiological dose of vitamin C in each pill to a group of 12 adults, and he instructs the people to take one pill daily for a year. After a year, the scientist asks the subjects to recall the number and duration of colds they experienced during the previous 12 months. After collecting and analyzing the subjects' responses, the researcher determines that taking megadoses of vitamin C each day is an effective way to prevent cold infections. What is true based on this information?

The results could have occurred by chance because there were not enough subjects involved in the research

What condition is not the leading cause of death in the United States?

Tuberculosis

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes

Vegetables

Kristan uses % DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packed foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients? Fat Vitamin C Cholesterol Sodium

Vitamin C

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body? Carbohydrates Fat Alcohol Vitamin C

Vitamin C

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Weight loss as a result of starvation. Muscle mass enlargement as a result of lifting weights. Weight gain as a result of overeating. Bone growth as a result of hormonal stimulation during puberty.

Weight loss as a result of starvation

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation? When a population's vitamin D intake decreases, the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases When a population's intake of plant foods decreases, the percentage of obese people in that population increases When a population's level of vitamin C in white blood cells increases, the percentage of people in the population who develop scurvy decreases When a population's level of physical activity increases, the percentage of people who develop heart disease decreases

When a population's level of vitamin C in white blood cells increases, the percentage of people in the population who develop scurvy decreases

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as

empty calories