Biology Chapter 43 Section 2: Characteristics

_______________ whales, like the blue whale, lack teeth

Baleen

__________from the uterus surround the chorion extensions

Blood vessels

__________ teeth shear, shred, cut or grind

Premolars

In some herbivorous animals, the stomach is actually made up of....

four chambers

One of these chambers of the stomach is the __________________, while another known as the rumen contains ____________

true stomach, symbiotic microorganisms

_______________________ give birth to well-developed young after a long development period within the uterus

Placental Mammals

The lungs of a mammal are efficient and contain millions of _____________________

alveoli

The mammalian heart has two _______________ *and* two __________

atria, ventricles

As a baleen whale swims, it gulps water, then close its mout, and pushes the water out through the _________________________. _________________ get trapped behind the baleen and are swallowed

baleen, small invertebrates

Cecum comes from the Latin intestinium caecum, meaning...

blind intestine

Plant material that has been chewed and swallowed enters the rumen, where microorganisms break the cellulose into smaller materials that are absorbed into the ____________________________________

bloodstream

Mammals in cold climates have heavy coats of fur and thick layers of fat, called...

blubber

Of all animals, humans have one of the highest ratios of __________________ to _______________

brain size to body size

In horses, zebras, rodents, rabbits, and elephants, microorganisms living in the ______________ complete the digestion of food

cecum

Meat is simple to digest, but plants contain ______________________< a polymer of lgucose, that make them difficult to digest

cellulose

The differences in brain to body size is due mostly to the size of the...

cerebrum

_________________ speeds up digestion by breaking food into small pieces that allow a large surface area for attack by _________________

chewing, enzymes

_________________-like incisors are teeth that cut

chisel

Extensions from the ______________, the outer membrane of the embryo, grow into the lining of the uterus

chorion

Mammals with a cecum do not chew _________

cud (regurgitated food)

The septum prevents __________ and ________________ from mixing in the ventricles

deoxygenated/oxygenated blood

Since animals and their metabolism requires more oxygen, they have a unique ________ and _________ systems

digestive, circulatory

The bet then analyzes the returning ______________ to determine the size, distance, direction, and speed of objects

echoes

Most other non-mammals are _____________, animals that are heated or cooled by their surroundings

ectotherms

Mammals are ____________, meaning they conserve and regulate this body heat

endotherms

The cecum is a large sac that branches from the small intestine and acts as a ___________________ chamber

fermentation

The placenta begins to form shortly after ________________, when the egg attaches to the lining of the _________________

fertilization, lining of the uterus

Placenta comes from the greek plakos, meaning "____________________" or "______________________________________"

flat cake, flat object

The cerebrum's surface is usually _______________ and ___________, which increases surface area without increasing volume

folded, fissured

All animals produce heat internally when they metabolize, or produce enrgy from...

food

Alveoli are the small sacs in which _______________ occurs

gas exchange

Using a process called echolocation, bats can emit ___________________________, which bounce off objects including potential prey

high frequency sound waves

Since an animal is hotter than it's environment, heat is constantly escaping. Som without adaptations such as _________, heat would be wasted

insulation

Instead, baleen whales have baleen instead of teeth, thin plates of ______________ that hang from the skin of the upper jaw like a curtain

keratin

The cerebrum is the outer region of the brain, and is the ___________

largest

Monotreme eggs are usually encased in thin, ______________ shells, which are then ____________ by the mother to keep them warm

leathery, incubated

The thoracic cavity holds the...

lungs

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mepfhfaajsofjiaojfqwjfwqjfwqpojfqwpojfwqpojfoqwpjfwqopjw

Animals do not produce enzymes that break down cellulose, but the long digestive tracts of some herbivorous mammals contain _____________________________ that break down cellulose

microorganisms

Endothermic metabolism also provided the energy necessary for ________________

migration, or long and strenuous activity

__________________ are teeth that grind, crush, or cut

molars

A female _______________________ lays on or two eggs

monotreme

The newborn offspring of a kangaroo are small, and attaches to the mother's ___________________ to feed from within the pouch

nipple

During the period of development for young placental mammals, the placenta provide _________________ and ________________ to the developing offspring

nourishment, oxygen

_________________ diffuses from the mother's blood into the offpsring's blood, and __________________ enter the mother's blood from the offspring's

nutrients, wastes

At hatching, a monotreme is (partially/fully) developed. It mother protects it and serves it milk

partially

__________________ canine teeth grip, puncture, and tear

pointed

The plant material digested in the rumen is ______________, chewed again, and swallowed sagain. This cycle may repeat several times with the same food

regurgitated

To review, mammals can breathe by expanding their thoracic cavity by either using their _____________, or contracting the ______________

rib cage muscles, diaphragm

Mammals inherited the breathing pattern of using their _____________________ muscles to expand the ________________________ from reptiles

rib cage, thoracic

Mammals that have a rumen are called _________________, and include cows, sheep, goats, giraffes, and deer

ruminants

The cerebrum evaluates input from the _________________, controls _______________, initiates and regulates ________________, and functions in _______________

sensory organs, movement, behavior, learning and memory

A ____________, or wall of tissue, completely separates the two ventricles of the mammalian heart

septum

The marsupial mother's pouch is a __________-lined pocket located on her _________________

skin, abdomen

Food passes through the _________ and _____________ before entering the cecum

stomach, small intestine

As a result of their high alveoli count, mammals have a much larger ___________________________ for gas exchange than reptiles

surface area

At rest without strenuous activity, mammals mainly breathe with.......

the diaphragm

Mammals also breathe using a sheet of muscle below the rib cage called the diaphragm, the contracts of which enlarge the ________________ and thus the ___________________

thorax, thoracic cavity

In marsupials, embryos develop for just a short period within the mother's _______________ and then emerge and crawl into the mother's __________________________________

uterus, pouch

The __________________ nourishes the developing embryo within the female monotremes egg

yolk