Biology Chapter 43 Section 2: Characteristics
_______________ whales, like the blue whale, lack teeth
Baleen
__________from the uterus surround the chorion extensions
Blood vessels
__________ teeth shear, shred, cut or grind
Premolars
In some herbivorous animals, the stomach is actually made up of....
four chambers
One of these chambers of the stomach is the __________________, while another known as the rumen contains ____________
true stomach, symbiotic microorganisms
_______________________ give birth to well-developed young after a long development period within the uterus
Placental Mammals
The lungs of a mammal are efficient and contain millions of _____________________
alveoli
The mammalian heart has two _______________ *and* two __________
atria, ventricles
As a baleen whale swims, it gulps water, then close its mout, and pushes the water out through the _________________________. _________________ get trapped behind the baleen and are swallowed
baleen, small invertebrates
Cecum comes from the Latin intestinium caecum, meaning...
blind intestine
Plant material that has been chewed and swallowed enters the rumen, where microorganisms break the cellulose into smaller materials that are absorbed into the ____________________________________
bloodstream
Mammals in cold climates have heavy coats of fur and thick layers of fat, called...
blubber
Of all animals, humans have one of the highest ratios of __________________ to _______________
brain size to body size
In horses, zebras, rodents, rabbits, and elephants, microorganisms living in the ______________ complete the digestion of food
cecum
Meat is simple to digest, but plants contain ______________________< a polymer of lgucose, that make them difficult to digest
cellulose
The differences in brain to body size is due mostly to the size of the...
cerebrum
_________________ speeds up digestion by breaking food into small pieces that allow a large surface area for attack by _________________
chewing, enzymes
_________________-like incisors are teeth that cut
chisel
Extensions from the ______________, the outer membrane of the embryo, grow into the lining of the uterus
chorion
Mammals with a cecum do not chew _________
cud (regurgitated food)
The septum prevents __________ and ________________ from mixing in the ventricles
deoxygenated/oxygenated blood
Since animals and their metabolism requires more oxygen, they have a unique ________ and _________ systems
digestive, circulatory
The bet then analyzes the returning ______________ to determine the size, distance, direction, and speed of objects
echoes
Most other non-mammals are _____________, animals that are heated or cooled by their surroundings
ectotherms
Mammals are ____________, meaning they conserve and regulate this body heat
endotherms
The cecum is a large sac that branches from the small intestine and acts as a ___________________ chamber
fermentation
The placenta begins to form shortly after ________________, when the egg attaches to the lining of the _________________
fertilization, lining of the uterus
Placenta comes from the greek plakos, meaning "____________________" or "______________________________________"
flat cake, flat object
The cerebrum's surface is usually _______________ and ___________, which increases surface area without increasing volume
folded, fissured
All animals produce heat internally when they metabolize, or produce enrgy from...
food
Alveoli are the small sacs in which _______________ occurs
gas exchange
Using a process called echolocation, bats can emit ___________________________, which bounce off objects including potential prey
high frequency sound waves
Since an animal is hotter than it's environment, heat is constantly escaping. Som without adaptations such as _________, heat would be wasted
insulation
Instead, baleen whales have baleen instead of teeth, thin plates of ______________ that hang from the skin of the upper jaw like a curtain
keratin
The cerebrum is the outer region of the brain, and is the ___________
largest
Monotreme eggs are usually encased in thin, ______________ shells, which are then ____________ by the mother to keep them warm
leathery, incubated
The thoracic cavity holds the...
lungs
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Animals do not produce enzymes that break down cellulose, but the long digestive tracts of some herbivorous mammals contain _____________________________ that break down cellulose
microorganisms
Endothermic metabolism also provided the energy necessary for ________________
migration, or long and strenuous activity
__________________ are teeth that grind, crush, or cut
molars
A female _______________________ lays on or two eggs
monotreme
The newborn offspring of a kangaroo are small, and attaches to the mother's ___________________ to feed from within the pouch
nipple
During the period of development for young placental mammals, the placenta provide _________________ and ________________ to the developing offspring
nourishment, oxygen
_________________ diffuses from the mother's blood into the offpsring's blood, and __________________ enter the mother's blood from the offspring's
nutrients, wastes
At hatching, a monotreme is (partially/fully) developed. It mother protects it and serves it milk
partially
__________________ canine teeth grip, puncture, and tear
pointed
The plant material digested in the rumen is ______________, chewed again, and swallowed sagain. This cycle may repeat several times with the same food
regurgitated
To review, mammals can breathe by expanding their thoracic cavity by either using their _____________, or contracting the ______________
rib cage muscles, diaphragm
Mammals inherited the breathing pattern of using their _____________________ muscles to expand the ________________________ from reptiles
rib cage, thoracic
Mammals that have a rumen are called _________________, and include cows, sheep, goats, giraffes, and deer
ruminants
The cerebrum evaluates input from the _________________, controls _______________, initiates and regulates ________________, and functions in _______________
sensory organs, movement, behavior, learning and memory
A ____________, or wall of tissue, completely separates the two ventricles of the mammalian heart
septum
The marsupial mother's pouch is a __________-lined pocket located on her _________________
skin, abdomen
Food passes through the _________ and _____________ before entering the cecum
stomach, small intestine
As a result of their high alveoli count, mammals have a much larger ___________________________ for gas exchange than reptiles
surface area
At rest without strenuous activity, mammals mainly breathe with.......
the diaphragm
Mammals also breathe using a sheet of muscle below the rib cage called the diaphragm, the contracts of which enlarge the ________________ and thus the ___________________
thorax, thoracic cavity
In marsupials, embryos develop for just a short period within the mother's _______________ and then emerge and crawl into the mother's __________________________________
uterus, pouch
The __________________ nourishes the developing embryo within the female monotremes egg
yolk