Biology Chapter 6.6-6.9
A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis _____.
by the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, what step occurs?
coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment
The function of coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle is most like..
a limousine driver dropping off a couple at the school prom
Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: __________.
four, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2
What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate?
glycolysis
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?
glycolysis
The electron transprot chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found?
mitochondria
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by_____.
oxidative phosphorylation
In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed from one electron to another. The energy released is used to_______.
pumps protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane
The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except... ATP CO2 FADH2 pyruvate
pyruvate
After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,
pyruvate is oxidized
In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cell respiration _____.
reduce NAD+ to NADH
Glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that _____.
requires ATP to make ATP
Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________.
the citric acid cycle
During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATp and NADH for each glucose molecule during this chemical pathway?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
Pyruvate...
forms at the end of glycolysis
Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cells derives from glucose is________.
found in NADH and FADH2
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit..
the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
the mitochondrion
The energy production per acetyl CoA molecule through the citric acid cycle is ______.
1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, ____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.
10
As a result of glycolysis there is a net gain of ________ ATPs.
2
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
2
How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis?
2
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
2
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?
ATP
In the first state of cellular respiration (glycolysis), two molecules of pyruvate are produced. In the remaining stages of cellular respiration, a number of additional products are produced, such as_______. These other stages occur in the_______.
ATP, mitochondria
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? pyruvate water NADH + H+ ATP FADH2
FADH2
The antibiotic oligomycin works by inhibiting ATP synthase. You would expect that
H+ will accumulate in the intermembrane space
What happens to the energy that is released by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain?
It pumps H+ through a membrane
The end products of glycolysis include...
NADH
During which phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
in the cytoplasmic fluid
We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced _____.
in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA from pyruvate
Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because______.
these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain
What is the unlimited fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?
they are used to form water
NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient?
they would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain
Which of the following is a result of glycolysis? conversion of NADH to NAD+ production of CO2 a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds
conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds
Which of following is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria?
electrons
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is.
oxygen
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is_____.
oxygen
As electrons move through the mitochondrial space...
the pH of the intermenbrane space changes