Biology Chapter 6&7

How efficient is anaerobic resperation

2-3%

Most eukaryotic cells produce how many ATP molecules per glucose molecule

36-38

How efficient is aerobic respiration

39 -40%

Synthesis portion of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not directly require solar energy, it uses the products of the light dependent reactions to reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate

Calvin cycle

What are light independent reactions often called

Calvin cycle

What is the waste product of the Krebs cycle

Carbon dioxide, air we breath out

What is the location of the electron transport chain in prokaryotes

Cell membrane

Where in the mitochondria do protons accumulate

Cell membrane

The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as

Cellular resperation

Green pigment that absorbs solar energy and is important in photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

Membrane-bound organelle with Chlorophyll containing membranous thylakoids where photosynthesis takes place

Chloroplast

What is the product of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetic acid

Citric acid

At the beginning of aerobic respiration pyruvic acid bonds to a molecule called ________to form acetyl COA

Co-A

Where in the mitochondria is the electron transport chain located

Cristae

What is the location of glycolysis

Cytoplasm

With every completion of the Krebs cycle , how many ATP molecules are made

1

In the first step of aerobic respiration pyruvic acid from glycolysis produces ,CO2 ,NADH ,H+ and

ATP, FADH2

The breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen is called

Aerobic respiration

What do you call cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen

Aerobic respiration

The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol is called

Alcohol fermentation

Yeast produces alcohol and carbon dioxide in the process known as

Alcohol fermentation

The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is

Anaerobic or fermentation respiration

Prokaryotes mean

Bacteria

Passage of electrons along a series of carrier molecules form a higher to a lower energy level the energy released is used for synthesis of ATP

ETC

In cellular respiration more energy is transferred into _____________than in any other step

Electron transport chain (ETC)

The process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathways is called

Fermentation

What is the first pathway of cellular respiration called

Glycolysis

What is the process by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid

Glycolysis

When a water molecule is split, what is it split into,where do all the resulting components end up

H+-stroma, O2- atmosphere

What is the byproduct of the electron transport chain

H2O

What is the scientific unit of energy

Jules are calories

In cellular respiration glycolysis proceeds the

Kreb cycle

Under what conditions would cells in your body undergo lactic acid fermentation

Lack of oxygen

Where in the mitochondria do the reactions of the Krebs cycle occur

Matrix

And important molecule generated by both lactic acid and alcohol fermentation is

NAD

What molecule is the electronic acceptor of glycolysis

NADH

_______ and _____ supply electrons and protons to the electron transport chain

NADH & FADH2

The electron transport chain is driven by two Products of the Krebs cycle

NADH, FADH2

NADPH = electron carrier

NADP + is empty and oxidized NADPH IS CARRYING ELECTRONS AND IS REDUCED

What products results specifically from photosystem 1 and photosystem 2

O2, ATP, NADPH

Process usually occurring within chloroplast where by Chlorophyll traps solar energy and carbon dioxide is reduced to a carbohydrate

Photosynthesis

Photosynthetic unit where solar energy is absorbed and high-energy electrons are generated contains a pigment complex and an electron acceptor

Photosystem

Series of reactions in which light is captured to provide the energy to fix carbon dioxide into glucose in the chloroplast

Photosystem

Glycolsis begins with glucose and produces

Pyruvic acid & 2 ATP

Glucose molecules are converted into ________ _______ molecules in the presence of a glycolysis

Pyruvic acid, ATP

What are the reactants and products of light independent reactions where in the chloroplast do they occur

Reactants: CO2, RuBP Products: G3P, more RuBP Stroma

What are the reactants and products of light dependent reactions, where in the chloroplast do they occur

Reactants: photon, H2O, pheophytin Products: ATP, NADPH, O2 Location: Thylakoid membrane

Large central compartment in the chloroplast that is fluid filled and contains enzymes used in photosynthesis

Stroma, this happens in the Calvin cycle

What is heterotrophs

They are consumers, get food from others; people, fish

What is autotropes

They are producers, and they make their own food: plants, cyanobacteria

What happens to electrons that accumulate at the end of the electron transport chain

They generate ATP or chemiosmosis

An alcoholic fermentation ethyl alcohol is produced from

Yeast