Biology Chapter 6&7
How efficient is anaerobic resperation
2-3%
Most eukaryotic cells produce how many ATP molecules per glucose molecule
36-38
How efficient is aerobic respiration
39 -40%
Synthesis portion of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not directly require solar energy, it uses the products of the light dependent reactions to reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate
Calvin cycle
What are light independent reactions often called
Calvin cycle
What is the waste product of the Krebs cycle
Carbon dioxide, air we breath out
What is the location of the electron transport chain in prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Where in the mitochondria do protons accumulate
Cell membrane
The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as
Cellular resperation
Green pigment that absorbs solar energy and is important in photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Membrane-bound organelle with Chlorophyll containing membranous thylakoids where photosynthesis takes place
Chloroplast
What is the product of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetic acid
Citric acid
At the beginning of aerobic respiration pyruvic acid bonds to a molecule called ________to form acetyl COA
Co-A
Where in the mitochondria is the electron transport chain located
Cristae
What is the location of glycolysis
Cytoplasm
With every completion of the Krebs cycle , how many ATP molecules are made
1
In the first step of aerobic respiration pyruvic acid from glycolysis produces ,CO2 ,NADH ,H+ and
ATP, FADH2
The breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen is called
Aerobic respiration
What do you call cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic respiration
The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol is called
Alcohol fermentation
Yeast produces alcohol and carbon dioxide in the process known as
Alcohol fermentation
The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is
Anaerobic or fermentation respiration
Prokaryotes mean
Bacteria
Passage of electrons along a series of carrier molecules form a higher to a lower energy level the energy released is used for synthesis of ATP
ETC
In cellular respiration more energy is transferred into _____________than in any other step
Electron transport chain (ETC)
The process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathways is called
Fermentation
What is the first pathway of cellular respiration called
Glycolysis
What is the process by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
When a water molecule is split, what is it split into,where do all the resulting components end up
H+-stroma, O2- atmosphere
What is the byproduct of the electron transport chain
H2O
What is the scientific unit of energy
Jules are calories
In cellular respiration glycolysis proceeds the
Kreb cycle
Under what conditions would cells in your body undergo lactic acid fermentation
Lack of oxygen
Where in the mitochondria do the reactions of the Krebs cycle occur
Matrix
And important molecule generated by both lactic acid and alcohol fermentation is
NAD
What molecule is the electronic acceptor of glycolysis
NADH
_______ and _____ supply electrons and protons to the electron transport chain
NADH & FADH2
The electron transport chain is driven by two Products of the Krebs cycle
NADH, FADH2
NADPH = electron carrier
NADP + is empty and oxidized NADPH IS CARRYING ELECTRONS AND IS REDUCED
What products results specifically from photosystem 1 and photosystem 2
O2, ATP, NADPH
Process usually occurring within chloroplast where by Chlorophyll traps solar energy and carbon dioxide is reduced to a carbohydrate
Photosynthesis
Photosynthetic unit where solar energy is absorbed and high-energy electrons are generated contains a pigment complex and an electron acceptor
Photosystem
Series of reactions in which light is captured to provide the energy to fix carbon dioxide into glucose in the chloroplast
Photosystem
Glycolsis begins with glucose and produces
Pyruvic acid & 2 ATP
Glucose molecules are converted into ________ _______ molecules in the presence of a glycolysis
Pyruvic acid, ATP
What are the reactants and products of light independent reactions where in the chloroplast do they occur
Reactants: CO2, RuBP Products: G3P, more RuBP Stroma
What are the reactants and products of light dependent reactions, where in the chloroplast do they occur
Reactants: photon, H2O, pheophytin Products: ATP, NADPH, O2 Location: Thylakoid membrane
Large central compartment in the chloroplast that is fluid filled and contains enzymes used in photosynthesis
Stroma, this happens in the Calvin cycle
What is heterotrophs
They are consumers, get food from others; people, fish
What is autotropes
They are producers, and they make their own food: plants, cyanobacteria
What happens to electrons that accumulate at the end of the electron transport chain
They generate ATP or chemiosmosis
An alcoholic fermentation ethyl alcohol is produced from
Yeast
