Biology Final Clack SFA

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Sometimes a DNA mutation changes which nucleotide sits at a given position in a gene. How can this still result in a protein that is constructed correctly?

a) The nucleotide substitution creates a "new" codon that calls for the same amino acid as the "old" codon.

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a)A single cell divides into two cells in mitosis but into four cells in meiosis.

Fat molecules store 9 kcal per gram. There are about 454 grams in a pound of fat, so one pound of fat stores about 4,000 kcal of energy. If running at a moderate pace for one hour burns about 800 kcal of energy, how many hours must a person run to burn the energy stored in one pound of fat?

b) 5 Hours

This figure shows the different processes of cellular respiration. Which correctly identifies the different processes?

b)1. glycolysis, 2. citric acid cycle, 3. electron transport

A friend excitedly tells you of having inserted the sequence of the green fluorescent protein into an intron from a milk protein gene, planning to get rich by selling glow-in-the-dark milk. What should you say?

b)It won't work since introns are not expressed.

If a cell is unable to perform aerobic cellular respiration, what will then happen?

b)No ATP will be produced, causing all energy-requiring cell functions to cease.

The figure shows an overview of the different entry pathways to cellular respiration for different macromolecules. Why are none of the digestive products entering the electron transport chain directly?

b)The electron transport chain only receives electrons carried by reduced electron carrier molecules such as NADH.

If you found an RNA floating in the cytoplasm of a cell connected to one amino acid, you would have found what kind of RNA?

b)tRNA

Oxygen as O2 is required for aerobic cellular respiration. The function of O2 in this process is?

b)to accept the spent electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.

Which molecule would be found after the action of the enzymes in cellular respiration?

c) ATP

One of the products of the citric acid cycle is CO2. This molecule is considered a waste molecule, since organisms performing aerobic cellular respiration will release it into the atmosphere. What reactant provided the carbon atoms used to produce this CO2?

c) pyruvic acid

If you found a cell dividing, and you found that its daughter cells were haploid, you would have been observing

c)meiosis II.

If you were observing a cell during mitosis and you saw that there were chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell, you would be looking at

c)metaphase.

It was through Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin's discovery of DNA structure that they and other scientists were able to develop a deeper understanding of

c)the function of DNA in living organisms.

Some prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecules. In what form is that harvested energy available to power cell work?

d) ATP Molecules

What will happen to the process of aerobic cellular respiration if no O2 is available in the cell?

d)Aerobic cellular respiration will stop.

What contributes to variation in offspring in sexually reproducing organisms?

d)All of the choices are correct.

An organism's genetic information is stored within the sequence of _______. This information is transcribed into a sequence of _______, which are then translated into a sequence of _______.

d)DNA bases; RNA bases; amino acids

Examine this micrograph of an onion root tip. The outlined cells are in mitosis. Which list correctly identifies the mitotic phases for the outlined cells?

d)d. a:metaphase, b: anaphase, c: telophase, d: prophase

You are given a sample taken from a living organism but are not told what kind of organism, only that it was denied oxygen in the container which held it. If you did a biochemical analysis, what would most likely be present in a sample of this organism?

e) alcohol or lactic acid