Biology: Genetics & Epigenetics
What Is Epigenetic Therapy?
The use of drugs or other epigenome-influencing methods to treat medical conditions. From diseases, to cancer, heart disease, and more.
Difference between dominant recessive, incomplete dominance, codominance, and X-Linked traits
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What Is An X-Linked Inheritence?
A genetic trait where a gene is located on the X-Chromosome.
What Is A Gene specifically? Which two molecules do we get from a gene?
A piece of DNA (a sequence of code nucleotides) which is transcribed into RNA then translated to Gene Expression. This process creates proteins & mRNA.
What is the human epigenome project? How is it different from the human genome project?
Aims to identify and interpret the patterns of genomic DNA methylation patterns in all human genes and major tissues. The difference is human beings have only one genome but multiple epigenomes.
What Is The Human Genome?
Base pairs of human DNA that make all up all of the chromosomes in a human being.
Explain the terms Chromosome, Gene, Allele (+Dominant & Recessive), Phenotype, Genotype, HomoDominant, Heterozygous, HomozyDominant, & what is a Punnett Square???
Chromosome: DNA-containing structures located in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Allele:
What two places do chemical tags attach to? Altering gene expression?
DNA & Histones.
How many chromosomes are there in each body cell? How many pairs does this make?
Each cell usually contains 23 pairs of chromosomes which adds to a total of 46.
Who was Gregor Mendel?
He was an Austrian scientist, teacher, and augustinian prelate. He experimented on garden pea hybrids and is considered the father of modern genetics.
What in chromosomes are DNA wrapped around?
Histones. Chromosomes are made of DNA, and Histones.
Transgenerational impact of pesticides on mice?
It caused many diseases in the mice as a result down the line such as testis, prostate, and kidney disease, immune system abnormalities, tumors, and much more. Bad stuff.
What Did The Human Genome Project Accomplish?
It gave us the ability to read the genetic blueprint for a human being. It mapped out the code of the human gene.
Why do males often have more X-Linked recessive traits than females?? Name 3 traits linked to or found in the x chromosomes.
Men have more X-chromosomes than women by 1. Examples of traits unique to x-chromosomes include red-green color blindness, hemophilia, & Tetrachromatism (which results in seeing more shades of colors).
What Is Epigenetics?
The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than the genetic code itself ("epi" - over). Observing how the gene expresses rather than changing or looking at the code itself.
Mother Mouse Study Results? What happened with the mother who did not nurture here young??
The study resulted in brown mouse pups. The pups born from the mother who did not nurture her young were more stressed and higher in negative emotion.
What Happens With The DNA In Identical Twins As They Age?
They get more and more different as they age in expression. This is hypothesized because the embryo splits at a very early stage in development.
What is meant by "Gene Expression?"
What the genes do exactly. What does the code produce in action? The gene (code) expression (action or movement).
What genotypes are in a recessive patter, and how does each genotype result in phenotypes? For example, what are the phenotypes for Bb and BB when BB results in brown hair???
XH Hh, H - Normal, h - Balding. Hh = genotype. The result = phenotype (no balding).
What causes Epigenetic tag changes?
Your diet, exercise, metals/organic pollutants, & air pollution.