Biology I

What are the protein factories?

Ribosomes

What is protist?

an informal term referring to a group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes.

Organisms of the domains ____ and ____ consist of prokaryotic cells.

Bacteria and Archaea

___,___,____, and ____ all consist of eukaryotic cells.

Protists, fungi, animals, and plants

A sufficiently high ratio of surface area to ___ is especially important in cells that exchange a lot of material with their _____, such as intestinal cells.

surface area; surroundings

What's nuclear matrix?

a framework of protein fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior.

The complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes is called ___

chromatin

The interior of either type of cell is____.

cytoplasm

What maintains and mechanically supports the shape of the nuclear envelope?

nuclear lamina

The ___ functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of __ , __, and __ to service the entire cell.

plasma membrane; enough oxygen; wastes; nutrients

Cells are of two distinct types: ____ and ___

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than ___. Size is a general feature of ___

prokaryotic cells; function

What's the "biosynthetic factory"?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What are the two cellular components involved in the genetic control of the cell?

The nucleus, which houses most of the cells DNA. The ribosomes, which use information from the DNA to make proteins

The ___ system regulates ____ and performs___ in the cell.

endomembrane; protein traffic; metabolic functions

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the ____. In a eukaryotic cell, most of the DNA is in an organelle called the ___, which is _________. In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is concentrated in a region that is ____, called the ____.

location of their DNA; nucleus; double bound membrane not membrane-enclosed; nucleoid

Many of the different membranes of the eukaryotic cell are part of the endomembrane system, which includes the

nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane.

The plasma membrane and the membranes of ___ consist of a double layer (___) of phospholipids with various ___ attached to or ___ in it. The hydrophobic parts of phospholipids and membrane proteins are found in the ___ of the ___, while the hydrophilic parts are in contact with ___ solutions on either side. ___may be attached to proteins or lipids on the ___ of the ___.

organelles; bilayer; proteins; embedded; interior; membrane; aqueous; carbohydrate side chains; outer surface; plasma membrane

All cells share basic features: - all bounded by a selective barrier called____ - inside all cells is a semifluid, jellylike substance called _____, in which ______ are suspended - all cells contain ____, which carry ____ in the form of DNA. - all cells have ___, tiny complexes that make ___ according to the instructions from the ____.

plasma membrane; cytosol; sub-cellular components; chromosomes; the genes; ribosomes; proteins; genes

What tasks does the endomembrane system carry out?

synthesis of proteins transport of proteins into membranes and organelles or out of the cell metabolism and movement of lipids detoxification of poisons