URINARY

Each kidney is surrounded and supported by several Tissue layers. From innermost (closest to the kidney) to outermost, these layers are the

-fibrous capsule -perinephric fat -renal fascia -paranerphic fat

Match the two distinct regions of the kidney and components associated with each region.

1234

Explain the order of kidney structures (and thus urine flow) leaving the renal papilla until reaching the urinary bladder.

2Major calyces 3Renal pelvis 4Ureter 1Minor calyces

The ____________ is the outer part that functions in blood filtration

Cortex

The renal corpuscle consists of a capillary called the ____________ and a capsule of epithelial cells.

Glomerulus

What is the correct sequence for parts of the renal tubule?

Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

The main functions of the urinary system are

Removal of waste and regulation of water and electrolyte balance

What is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney?

Renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries

What is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?

The Detrusor Muscle

Which of the following is true concerning the location of the kidneys?

They are located behind the parietal peritoneum.

If an electron micrograph of a nephron segment revealed very highly developed microvilli, then you are most likely looking at cells of the ____________

afferent arteriole

Next, the flitrate makes a 180 degree turn into the ____________ , returning to the renal cortex.

ascending limb

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Glomerular filtrate collects in the ____________ before entering the first portion of the renal tubule, called the ____________ .

capsular space, proximal tubule.

The ____________ receives the filtrate from the DCTs of several nephrons and funnels it toward the ____________ .

collecting duct, renal pyramid

The junction of the renal medulla and renal cortex is called the

corticomedullary junction

From there, the filtrate flows into the ____________ of the ____________ , the first part of the U-shaped portion of the tubule found mostly in the medulla.

descending limb, nephron loop

The filtrate is funnelled into the ____________ , the end of the nephron.

distal convoluted tubule

A blockage in the ____________ would prevent filtrate from reaching the collecting duct

distal tubule

A renal corpuscle includes the

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

In the kidneys, blood goes from the afferent arterioles to the ___________, and then enters the _______________, which then delivers the blood to the ___________.

glomerulus, efferent arterioles peritubular capillaries

Blood vessels, nerves and the renal pelvis enter/exit the kidney at the

hilum

The ureter and the renal artery and vein enter the kidney through the opening known as the ____________ .

hilum

Nephrons that have very long loops are classified as ____________ nephrons.

juxtamedullary

Place the following structures in order as urine passes through them

kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

The ____________ is the inner part kidney tissue that functions in tubular reabsorption and secretion.

medulla

The ____________ receives urine from the renal pyramid

minor calyx

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

monitors blood sodium concentration and adjusts glomerular filtration volume

The functional filtration unit of the kidney is the

nephron

A virus that specifically attacks ____________ would damage the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.

podocytes

The glomerular capsule leads into the ____________ , the longest and most coiled of the four regions of the renal tubule

proximal convoluted

The two components of a nephron are the

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

The portion of the kidney in direct contact with the renal capsule is the ____________ .

renal cortex

An obstruction in the ____________ would prevent urine from leaving the kidney.

renal pelvis

The major calices merge to form a single, funnel-shaped

renal pelvis

Blood vessels and the renal calices are located in the

renal sinus

The renal ____________ is the medial most portion that is filled with vessels and the renal calyces.

sinus

Cortical nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by

their location within the renal cortex

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle.

true

The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla.

true

Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions?

true

Urine directly exits the body via the ____________ .

urethra