Biology I: Chapter 24: McGraw Hill
Select all lines of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory
* Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA * Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by binary fission * Mitochondria and chloroplasts have smaller ribosomes than eukaryotes
Which of the following are important features of eukaryotes that distinguish them from prokaryotes?
* Presence of a compartments, which include the nucleus and organelles * Presence of a cytoskeleton
Which of the following are structures that protists utilize to swim?
* flagella * cilia
Which of the following are used by protists to locomote in their watery environments?
* flagella * cilia
Select all types of cell surfaces found in protists.
* glassy silica shell * extracellular matrix * plasma membrane
Which of the following are nutritional strategies found in Protista?
* osmotrophs * phagotrophs * mixotrophs * phototrophs
Long, thin pseudopods supported by axial rods of microtubules are called __________________.
axopodia
Many antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis is ____________ also inhibit protein synthesis in ______________ and chloroplasts
bacteria; mitochondria
How do mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate?
binary fission
In many protists, asexual reproduction produces a small daughter cell which later grows to the adult size; this is known as ________________.
budding
Bacteria that live within other cells and perform specific functions for their host cells are called
endosymbiotic bacteria
Protists are
eukaryotes
Which of the following is NOT matched correctly regarding the type of endosymbiosis that lead to the acquisition of chloroplasts in algae?
green algae: secondary endosymbiosis
Amoebas are surrounded only by their plasma __________________.
membrane
An organism that obtains nutrition through uptake of dissolved organic molecules across the cell membrane is a(n):
osmotroph
Eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified in the plant, animal, or fungal kingdoms are
protists
Put steps in the nutrition of heterotrophic protists called phagotrophs in the correct order:
1. Phagotrophs ingest small particles of food into intracellular vesicles called food vacuoles 2. Food vacuoles fuse wit lysosomes 3. Food inside the food vacuoles is digested by enzymes released from lysosomes 4. Nutrients are absorbed across the vacuolar membrane
Which statement best describes protists?
All are eukaryotic
Secondary endosymbiosis
a eukaryote that possesses a chloroplast is engulfed and retained by another eukaryote host cell
Tertiary endosymbiosis
a eukaryote with a secondary chloroplast is engulfed and retained by another eukaryote host cell
In protists, a cyst is
a life stage that can remain dormant during periods of unfavorable environmental conditions
Primary endosymbiosis
a prokaryote is engulfed and retained by a heterotrophic host cell
The genome of a mitochondrion is typically composed of
a single, circular, closed molecule of DNA, similar to that in bacteria
Many different nutritional strategies are found in protists; they can be phagotrophs (ingest particles), ________________ (ingest soluble nutrients), phototrophs, or ________________ (both hetero- and phototrophs).
osmotrophs; mixotrophs
An organism that is able to produce its own organic nutrients using light energy is a(n)
phototroph
In this type of asexual reproduction called ______________, cell division is preceded by several nuclear divisions, allowing the process of cytokinesis to produce several individuals almost simultaneously.
schizogony
_______________ reproduction allows for frequent genetic recombination which generates genetic variation - the starting point of evolution.
sexual