Biology I: Chapter 24: McGraw Hill

Select all lines of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory

* Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA * Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by binary fission * Mitochondria and chloroplasts have smaller ribosomes than eukaryotes

Which of the following are important features of eukaryotes that distinguish them from prokaryotes?

* Presence of a compartments, which include the nucleus and organelles * Presence of a cytoskeleton

Which of the following are structures that protists utilize to swim?

* flagella * cilia

Which of the following are used by protists to locomote in their watery environments?

* flagella * cilia

Select all types of cell surfaces found in protists.

* glassy silica shell * extracellular matrix * plasma membrane

Which of the following are nutritional strategies found in Protista?

* osmotrophs * phagotrophs * mixotrophs * phototrophs

Long, thin pseudopods supported by axial rods of microtubules are called __________________.

axopodia

Many antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis is ____________ also inhibit protein synthesis in ______________ and chloroplasts

bacteria; mitochondria

How do mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate?

binary fission

In many protists, asexual reproduction produces a small daughter cell which later grows to the adult size; this is known as ________________.

budding

Bacteria that live within other cells and perform specific functions for their host cells are called

endosymbiotic bacteria

Protists are

eukaryotes

Which of the following is NOT matched correctly regarding the type of endosymbiosis that lead to the acquisition of chloroplasts in algae?

green algae: secondary endosymbiosis

Amoebas are surrounded only by their plasma __________________.

membrane

An organism that obtains nutrition through uptake of dissolved organic molecules across the cell membrane is a(n):

osmotroph

Eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified in the plant, animal, or fungal kingdoms are

protists

Put steps in the nutrition of heterotrophic protists called phagotrophs in the correct order:

1. Phagotrophs ingest small particles of food into intracellular vesicles called food vacuoles 2. Food vacuoles fuse wit lysosomes 3. Food inside the food vacuoles is digested by enzymes released from lysosomes 4. Nutrients are absorbed across the vacuolar membrane

Which statement best describes protists?

All are eukaryotic

Secondary endosymbiosis

a eukaryote that possesses a chloroplast is engulfed and retained by another eukaryote host cell

Tertiary endosymbiosis

a eukaryote with a secondary chloroplast is engulfed and retained by another eukaryote host cell

In protists, a cyst is

a life stage that can remain dormant during periods of unfavorable environmental conditions

Primary endosymbiosis

a prokaryote is engulfed and retained by a heterotrophic host cell

The genome of a mitochondrion is typically composed of

a single, circular, closed molecule of DNA, similar to that in bacteria

Many different nutritional strategies are found in protists; they can be phagotrophs (ingest particles), ________________ (ingest soluble nutrients), phototrophs, or ________________ (both hetero- and phototrophs).

osmotrophs; mixotrophs

An organism that is able to produce its own organic nutrients using light energy is a(n)

phototroph

In this type of asexual reproduction called ______________, cell division is preceded by several nuclear divisions, allowing the process of cytokinesis to produce several individuals almost simultaneously.

schizogony

_______________ reproduction allows for frequent genetic recombination which generates genetic variation - the starting point of evolution.

sexual