Biology master test
Chloroplast
Where photosynthesis occurs
Lactic Acid
a type of fermentation that produces dairy, ( milk, cheese)
Which cellular process makes most of a cell's ATP?
Cellular respiration
ADP
Adenosine Diphospate
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Heterotroph
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.
Which of the descriptions below best describes photosynthesis a. glucose and oxygen are used to form carbon dioxide and water b. sunlight energy is stored in carbon-based molecules like glucose c. an ATP- making process that occurs in the mitochondria d. chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide
B
Fermentation does not produce ATP. Why is fermentation such an important process in cells?
BECAUSE FERMENTATION CAN HELP THIS PROCESS WITHOUT OXYGEN
How do cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a cycle of energy storage and use?
BY CONSUMING PLANTS OR ORGANISMS THAT HAVE PERFORMED PHOTOSYNTHESIS, THE GLUCOSE COULD HELP YOU PERFORM CELLULAR RESPIERIATION
How does glycolysis contribute to the overall process of cellular respiration
BY PRODCUING NADH, PYRUVIC ACID
Why is cellular respiration an aerobic process
Because it requires oxygen
16. Fermentation occurs after________ a. Photosynthesis b. Aerobic Cellular Respiration c. Glycolysis d. All of the above
C
When does fermentation occur? a. When there is an excess of glucose b. When there is an excess of oxygen c. When there is a lack of oxygen d. When there is a lack of sodium
C
Fermentation
Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not present
Explain the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. Why is oxygen needed for the electron transport chain?
NADH AND FADH2 DONATE ELECTONS TO THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN TO PRODUCE ATP, WATER IS ALSO MADE DURING THE ETC, IT COLLECTS LOW- ENERGY ELECTRONS
Define heterotroph. Provide an example of a heterotroph.
Organisms that can't make their own food therefore they eat plants or eat another animal that eats a plant Ex: fish
How are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation similar? How are they different?
SIMILAR- BOTH PRODUCE NAD+ DIFFERENCE- LACTIC PRODUCE NAD+ AND LACTIC ACID ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PRODUCE- C02, ALCOHOL, AND NAD+
Describe how and where energy from light is absorbed during photosynthesis. What happens to the energy after it is absorbed?
THE SUN, THE LIGHT IS THEN CONVERTED INTO GLUSCOSE/FOOD, CHLORPHYLL ABSORBS SUNLIGHT
What is the function of the Krebs Cycle? In your answer, describe the products of the Krebs Cycle and what happens to them.
TO COMBINE ACETYL COA COMBINES WITH OXALOACETIC ACID TO PRODUCE NADH AND FADH2 WHICH WILL BE UESED TO MAKE ATP DURING THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
In what two ways does cellular respiration seem to be the opposite of photosynthesis?
The reactants of cellular respiration are oxygen and sugar and the reactants of photosynthesis are sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide
cellular respiration
To capture energy contained in the bonds of glucose in molecules of ATP
All organisms are able to perform cellular respiration. True or False?
True
Photosystem
Two groups of molecules in the thylakoid membrane that captures and transfers energy
Write the chemical equation for the overall process of photosynthesis. Then, explain what the equation means and identify the reactants and the products
WATER,SUNLIGHT,CARBON DIOXIDE(reactants) - GLUCOSE, OXYGEN (products)
Electron transport chain
a series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that transfers high energy electrons
Which of the following descriptions below best describes cellular respiration? a. chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide b. sunlight energy is stored in carbon-based molecules like glucose c. carbon dioxide and water are combined to make glucose and oxygen d. fermentation occurs when oxygen is available
A
Anaerobic
A process that doesn't require oxygen
Aerobic
A process that requires oxygen
Light dependent reactions
A reaction that captures energy from sunlight and transfer energy to the light independent reactions
Calvin Cycle
A series of chemical reactions that produces sugars from carbon dioxide
Thylakoid
Coin shaped compartment that contains light- absorbing molecules
How is fermentation a commercial processes
Creates yogurt, bread, cheeses, alcohol
Milk is converted to yogurt under certain conditions when the microorganisms in the milk produce acid. Which of the following processes would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt? a. The Krebs Cycle b. Photosynthesis c. Alcoholic Fermentation d. Lactic Acid Fermentation
D
Glycolysis
During glycolysis breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. ATP and NADH are also made during glycolysis
Describe how the light independent reactions are the synthesis part of photosynthesis.
GLUCOSE IS MADE DURING THIS PHASE
List the 3 steps of cellular respiration below in the correct order. Which step produces the largest amount of ATP?
GYLCOSIS, KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN The ETC produces the most ATP
What are the products of lactic acid fermentation? What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?
LACTIC: NAD+ AND LACTIC ACID, ALCOHOLIC: ALCOHOL MOLECULES , CARBON DIOXIDE, NAD+
What are some of the differences between the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions of photosynthesis?
LIGHT DEPENDENT USES SUNLIGHT TO MAKE NADH TO PROCESS AND LIGHT INDEPENDENT USES SUNLIGHT INDIRECTLY TO MAKE GLUCOSE
Where do the light dependent and light independent reactions occur in a plant cell?
LIGHT INDEPENDENT- THYLAKOID MEMBRANE LIGHT DEPENDENT- STROMA
What are the two types of fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation
Chlorophyll
Light absorbing molecule in the thylakoid membrane
Where does cellular respiration take place in a eukaryotic cell
Mitochondira
Photosynthesis
Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
Krebs cycle
Producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Write the chemical equation for the overall process of cellular respiration. Explain what this equation means. Identify the reactants and the products.
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water+ energy (ATP)
ATP
molecule that transfers energy from breakdown of food molecules to cell processes
Autotroph
organisms that can make their own food by using the light energy from the sun to produce food in the form of glucose or sugar
Define autotroph. Provide an example of an autotroph
organisms that can make their own food by using the light energy from the sun to produce food in the form of glucose or sugar ex: Plant