Biology master test

Chloroplast

Where photosynthesis occurs

Lactic Acid

a type of fermentation that produces dairy, ( milk, cheese)

Which cellular process makes most of a cell's ATP?

Cellular respiration

ADP

Adenosine Diphospate

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

Heterotroph

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.

Which of the descriptions below best describes photosynthesis a. glucose and oxygen are used to form carbon dioxide and water b. sunlight energy is stored in carbon-based molecules like glucose c. an ATP- making process that occurs in the mitochondria d. chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide

B

Fermentation does not produce ATP. Why is fermentation such an important process in cells?

BECAUSE FERMENTATION CAN HELP THIS PROCESS WITHOUT OXYGEN

How do cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a cycle of energy storage and use?

BY CONSUMING PLANTS OR ORGANISMS THAT HAVE PERFORMED PHOTOSYNTHESIS, THE GLUCOSE COULD HELP YOU PERFORM CELLULAR RESPIERIATION

How does glycolysis contribute to the overall process of cellular respiration

BY PRODCUING NADH, PYRUVIC ACID

Why is cellular respiration an aerobic process

Because it requires oxygen

16. Fermentation occurs after________ a. Photosynthesis b. Aerobic Cellular Respiration c. Glycolysis d. All of the above

C

When does fermentation occur? a. When there is an excess of glucose b. When there is an excess of oxygen c. When there is a lack of oxygen d. When there is a lack of sodium

C

Fermentation

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not present

Explain the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. Why is oxygen needed for the electron transport chain?

NADH AND FADH2 DONATE ELECTONS TO THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN TO PRODUCE ATP, WATER IS ALSO MADE DURING THE ETC, IT COLLECTS LOW- ENERGY ELECTRONS

Define heterotroph. Provide an example of a heterotroph.

Organisms that can't make their own food therefore they eat plants or eat another animal that eats a plant Ex: fish

How are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation similar? How are they different?

SIMILAR- BOTH PRODUCE NAD+ DIFFERENCE- LACTIC PRODUCE NAD+ AND LACTIC ACID ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PRODUCE- C02, ALCOHOL, AND NAD+

Describe how and where energy from light is absorbed during photosynthesis. What happens to the energy after it is absorbed?

THE SUN, THE LIGHT IS THEN CONVERTED INTO GLUSCOSE/FOOD, CHLORPHYLL ABSORBS SUNLIGHT

What is the function of the Krebs Cycle? In your answer, describe the products of the Krebs Cycle and what happens to them.

TO COMBINE ACETYL COA COMBINES WITH OXALOACETIC ACID TO PRODUCE NADH AND FADH2 WHICH WILL BE UESED TO MAKE ATP DURING THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

In what two ways does cellular respiration seem to be the opposite of photosynthesis?

The reactants of cellular respiration are oxygen and sugar and the reactants of photosynthesis are sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

cellular respiration

To capture energy contained in the bonds of glucose in molecules of ATP

All organisms are able to perform cellular respiration. True or False?

True

Photosystem

Two groups of molecules in the thylakoid membrane that captures and transfers energy

Write the chemical equation for the overall process of photosynthesis. Then, explain what the equation means and identify the reactants and the products

WATER,SUNLIGHT,CARBON DIOXIDE(reactants) - GLUCOSE, OXYGEN (products)

Electron transport chain

a series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that transfers high energy electrons

Which of the following descriptions below best describes cellular respiration? a. chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide b. sunlight energy is stored in carbon-based molecules like glucose c. carbon dioxide and water are combined to make glucose and oxygen d. fermentation occurs when oxygen is available

A

Anaerobic

A process that doesn't require oxygen

Aerobic

A process that requires oxygen

Light dependent reactions

A reaction that captures energy from sunlight and transfer energy to the light independent reactions

Calvin Cycle

A series of chemical reactions that produces sugars from carbon dioxide

Thylakoid

Coin shaped compartment that contains light- absorbing molecules

How is fermentation a commercial processes

Creates yogurt, bread, cheeses, alcohol

Milk is converted to yogurt under certain conditions when the microorganisms in the milk produce acid. Which of the following processes would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt? a. The Krebs Cycle b. Photosynthesis c. Alcoholic Fermentation d. Lactic Acid Fermentation

D

Glycolysis

During glycolysis breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. ATP and NADH are also made during glycolysis

Describe how the light independent reactions are the synthesis part of photosynthesis.

GLUCOSE IS MADE DURING THIS PHASE

List the 3 steps of cellular respiration below in the correct order. Which step produces the largest amount of ATP?

GYLCOSIS, KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN The ETC produces the most ATP

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation? What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?

LACTIC: NAD+ AND LACTIC ACID, ALCOHOLIC: ALCOHOL MOLECULES , CARBON DIOXIDE, NAD+

What are some of the differences between the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions of photosynthesis?

LIGHT DEPENDENT USES SUNLIGHT TO MAKE NADH TO PROCESS AND LIGHT INDEPENDENT USES SUNLIGHT INDIRECTLY TO MAKE GLUCOSE

Where do the light dependent and light independent reactions occur in a plant cell?

LIGHT INDEPENDENT- THYLAKOID MEMBRANE LIGHT DEPENDENT- STROMA

What are the two types of fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation

Chlorophyll

Light absorbing molecule in the thylakoid membrane

Where does cellular respiration take place in a eukaryotic cell

Mitochondira

Photosynthesis

Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars

Krebs cycle

Producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain

Write the chemical equation for the overall process of cellular respiration. Explain what this equation means. Identify the reactants and the products.

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water+ energy (ATP)

ATP

molecule that transfers energy from breakdown of food molecules to cell processes

Autotroph

organisms that can make their own food by using the light energy from the sun to produce food in the form of glucose or sugar

Define autotroph. Provide an example of an autotroph

organisms that can make their own food by using the light energy from the sun to produce food in the form of glucose or sugar ex: Plant