Biology Midterm Packet Questions

23. The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin's function? A. a medicine that affects pH B. a medicine that prevents clotting C. a medicine that blocks neural impulses D. a medicine that lowers cholesterol levels

A.

10. Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants? A. active transport B. cellular respiration C. DNA replication D. protein synthesis

B.

Which statement best describes how channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane are similar? A. Both allow for the flow of molecules into and out of a cell. B. Both directly connect the membrane to the nucleus of a cell. C. Both use energy to continuously move water molecules out of a cell. D. Both cause the phospholipid bilayer to form a rigid membrane for a cell.

A.

Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals? A. chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis B. mitochondria that conduct photosynthesis C. chloroplasts that conduct cellular respiration D. mitochondria that conduct cellular respiration

A.

17. Which characteristic allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms? A. Carbon has several forms. B. Carbon can form four covalent bonds. C. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe. D. Carbon is a structural part of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

B.

20. Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms? A. It is assembled by bonding individual atoms. B. It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits. C. It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule. D. It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound

B.

21. Which action must occur for an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction? A. A competitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site. B. A substrate must bind to an active site of the enzyme. C. A substrate must bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme. D. A noncompetitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site.

B.

22. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. When a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the pH to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. Which initial effect would most likely be caused by a change in pH? A. More lipids would be digested. B. Fewer lipids would be digested. C. The production of lipase molecules would increase. D. The production of lipase molecules would decrease.

B.

Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed? A. A monosaccharide bonded to a side chain is broken apart. B. Amino acids are bonded together in a long chain to form a new molecule. C. A molecule containing glycerol bonded to three fatty acids is broken apart. D. A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group combine to form a new molecule.

B.

Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle to transport material into or out of a cell? A. diffusion and osmosis B. exocytosis and endocytosis C. exocytosis and calcium pumps D. diffusion and facilitated diffusion

B.

26. Carbon can combine with many different elements but frequently combines with oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen to form organic molecules. Which statement best explains why carbon is able to form a large number of different molecules? A. Carbon forms only ionic bonds. B. Carbon can form only ring structures. C. Carbon can form four covalent bonds. D. Carbon forms small, simple structures

C.

A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other? A. Both processes produce carbon dioxide. B. Both processes require energy directly from the Sun. C. Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process. D. Thermal energy from one process is used as the energy source for the other process.

C.

Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary? A. They have cell membranes. B. They can change over time. C. They use energy to function. D. They have the ability to reproduce.

C.

The Golgi apparatus is broken down during mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that its Golgi apparatus is broken down? A. copying genetic material to include in the new cell B. forming vesicles to import molecules into the cell C. processing and packaging proteins for cellular export D. correcting errors in the process of building a new cell

C.

Which characteristic is shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A. have organ systems B. make their own food C. contain genetic material D. need oxygen gas to breathe

C.

24. A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation? A. The reaction produced water. B. The reaction consumed water. C. The reaction caused an output of energy. D. The reaction required an input of energy.

D.

25. Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating? A. The waxy coating is a protein that can help attract other organisms for pollination. B. The waxy coating is a protein that can help release waste molecules during transpiration. C. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help absorb more sunlight in hot environments. D. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments

D.

Which action is prevented by the plasma membrane? A. the flow of light into or out of the cell B. the flow of oxygen into or out of the cell C. unlimited flow of heat into or out of the cell D. unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell

D.

Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts? A. Mitochondria release chemical energy from molecules and store it in chloroplasts. B. Chloroplasts release chemical energy from molecules and store it in mitochondria. C. Mitochondria convert chemical energy into light energy that can be used by chloroplasts. D. Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

D.