MAN3240 Exam 3
House's path-goal theory is based on equity theory of motivation.
False
Power has negative consequences but never has positive consequences.
False
Programmed decisions are unique, creative decisions.
False
Strategic decisions are usually made by middle level managers
False
The more that a party is dependent upon you, the less power you have.
False
The three levels of organizational culture are beliefs, assumptions and artifacts.
False
Three key traits associated with leadership are: integrity, conscientiousness and introversion.
False
Using any form of flattery in an appeal is an example of the exchange influence tactic.
False
Two types of decisions are classified by
Frequency programmed vs non-programmed Information conditions Certainty vs Uncertainty
Organizational culture will both attract potential employees and cause some to self-select out of the organization.
True
Power is the ability to get things done the way you want them to be done.
True
To satisfice is to
accept the first alternative that meets your general criteria.
People's tendencies to behave consistently with social norms is called
conformity.
The Four Seasons case is rooted around
having a strict positive culture
Three important activities in maintaining organizational culture
hiring processes, training processes, and annual reviews
Contingency Approach to leadership is
how a leader's style is contingent upon the attitude and environment of the culture
Bounded Rationality Model describes
how people actually made decisions
What is communication
how we coordinate actions and achieve goals.
fundamental attribution error
if an outcome is good - it is because of you; if an outcome is bad - it is because of external forces
The value of the resource is its
importance.
Social Loafing
in larger groups, some members expect others to do more than them - to pick up the slack
Which of the following would be a good piece of advice to offer a company that is trying to enhance organizational creativity?
incorporate creative behavior into the performance appraisal process.
Political behaviors in organizations include which of the following? Correct Answer
resolving conflicting interests, negotiating, alliance building.
Semantics is the concept that
states meaning of words and sentences can mean different things to different people
Filtering is
the distortion or withholding of information to manage a person's reactions
selective perception
the filtering of information to suit our own needs
The key factor in the effectiveness of transformational leadership is
the minimum criteria are clear.
The earliest approach to the study of leadership was
the trait approach.
Organizational culture is a system of shared assumptions, values and beliefs indicating what are appropriate and inappropriate behaviors within an organization.
True
A defined set of values unique to a limited cross-section of the organization is
a subculture.
What is an individual antecedent of political behavior?
political skill
Situational favorableness includes which of the following conditions?
position power.
The ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want is
power.
Which of the following best represents the self-focused strategy of impression management?
"I am a hard worker."
Escalating commitment
A source of cognitive bias resulting from the tendency to commit additional resources to a project even if evidence shows that the project is failing.
The rational D-M model is based on what two assumptions?
Access to all necessary information and decisions are made by choosing the best possible solution
What served as a major influence for the development of organizational culture
Anthropology
Three outcomes associated from the use of power
Commitment, Compliance, Resistance
Given the current trend within organizations, which is the preferred power response?
Commitment, everything is moving towards service based industry
The article about Slack is about the problems in
Communication channels such as instant messaging
A strong culture always outperforms a weak culture because of the consistency of expectations.
False
All decisions have major consequences and require much thought.
False
An example of a question requiring an operational decision in response is:
How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display?
Decision-making three logical steps
Identification, development, selection
Which is the first step in the rational decision-making model?
Identify the problem.
Three substitutes for leadership
Individual factors, Job factors, organizational factors
Information Group and Formal Group
Informal - two or more individuals involved with each other in other ways not prescribed by the organizations Formal - group of managers, subordinates or both that have close associations with other members of the group and that influence the behavior of the members of the group
Firms that are flexible, adaptable and experiment with new ideas are _________ firms.
Innovative
Leadership vs Management
Leadership - social influence Management - formal power
What are the Big Five personality traits
Openness. Conscientiousness. Extraversion. Agreeableness. Neuroticism.
Three criteria for filtering information are
Past experience, knowledge and perception of the speaker, and emotional state
Two sources of D-M errors
People rely on D-M short cuts and people rely on ineffective D-M activities
Which of the following statements regarding intelligence is accurate?
People with high mental abilities are more likely to be viewed as leaders in their environment.
Four functions of communication in an organization
Provide knowledge, motivate employees, control and coordinate efforts, and express feelings and emotions
The discussed case of Edward Jones relates employee satisfaction to
Success
Individuals with high LMX receive higher levels of resources than those with a low LMX relationship.
True
Four Approaches of Leadership
Trait Approach, Behavioral Approach, Contingency Approach, Contemporary Approach
Initiating structure refers to task-based leadership behaviors.
True
___________ leaders lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader's goals.
Transformational
A founder's values could be one explanation for the difficulty encountered when trying to change a culture.
True
Fiedler's contingency theory suggests different leaders can be effective in different situations.
True
The CEO of an organization has legitimate power because of his or her role.
True
The intuitive decision-making model is best used when the decision maker has experience with the problem and there is time pressure.
True
To satisfice is to accept the first alternative that meets minimum criteria.
True
Three types of communication
Verbal, nonverbal and written
The availability of too much information leading to more and more time being spent on gathering information and thinking about it, resulting in no decisions being made is
analysis paralysis.
Strong cultures
are evidenced by consensus among employees on the values of the company.
Organizational culture consists of three levels:
assumptions, artifacts, and values.
If an industry is highly regulated, firms competing within it likely have
bureaucratic structures.
People-oriented behaviors are also called
consideration.
Three main functions of an organization
coordination, transmission of information, and sharing of emotions and feelings
Strategic decisions refer to those setting the
course of the organization
Security, safety and social equality are all examples of
cultural values
A system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that indicates what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior in an organization is
culture
Edward Jones management states that their success comes from their
culture of honest communication
The case of Lego was at heart about
diversifying perspectives of top managers
The ability to influence those in positions lower than yours is
downward influence.
Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when
effort leads to high performance.
Where does the source of culture occur?
from an organization's founders
When a sender or receiver of information puts thoughts into words it is called
encoding
What are some ways that an organization can benefit from groups/ teams
facilitate change and stability, improved D-M and control, and improved ideas and skills
People-oriented cultures value
fairness, supportiveness and respecting individual rights
What is "satisficing"
finding a solution that works
Leadership involves exerting
influence over other members of a group or organization
A portion of a manager's power and influence stems from the use of
influence tactics and impression management
Access to specific knowledge or skills is _______________ power.
information
A professor assigns grades due to _________ power.
legitimate
Power that comes from one's organizational role or position is
legitimate power.
A trusted individual who provides the employee with advice and support regarding career-related matters is a
mentor
The angry birds case is a success story in what kind of decisions
non-programmed
A unique, nonroutine, important decision requiring conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives is a(n)
nonprogrammed decision.
Leaders who ensure their employees take part in decision making have a(n) _________________ leadership style.
participative
A company with a stable culture is
predictable, rule-oriented, and bureaucratic.
Bounded Rationality Model is about the ability to
reason is constrained by the limitations of the mind
A decision which centers on how things get done is a(n)
tactical decision.
To enhance organizational creativity, a manager might consider focusing on
team composition.
What is political skill?
the ability to maximize and leverage relationships in order to achieve organizational goals
What is the major obstacle to good decision making?
time and information
Research findings of leader behaviors suggest extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead
to burnout in employees.
Why is organization politics important?
to find the best way to split resources and have the highest use of resources
The key factor in the effectiveness of transformational leadership is
trust
