Biology: muscles and DMD
How many amino acids are there in a protein?
20 amino acids
Why Does DMD only affect males?
Because females have two X chromosomes, one with the healthy trait dominates the disorder, whereas males only have to acquire one X chromosome that carries the disorder
What is released during muscle contraction?
Calcium
Dystrophy
Decrease in muscle size due to lack of dystrophin
Atrophy
Decrease in muscle size due to lack of use
How do muscles contract?
During a muscle contraction, myosin filaments form cross-bridges with actin filaments. The cross-bridges then change shape, pulling the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
hypertrophy
Increase in muscle size due to use
What are smooth muscles responsible for?
Involuntary movement of body tissues. Like digestion
How is DMD acquired?
It is passed on from the mother's X chromosome
What is a slow-twitch muscle? What type of excersize is it used for?
It's a muscle that contracts slowly and has endurance. Used for running
What is a fast-twitch muscle? What type of excersize is it used for?
It's a muscle that contracts with short bursts of energy. Used for lifting
What are two proteins found in muscle fibers?
Myosin and actin
What is a protein? What are the building blocks of proteins?
Proteins are large molecules found in living things. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
Which of the three muscles are voluntary?
Skeletal
What are the three types of muscles in the human body?
Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles
What are cardiac muscles responsible for?
The contraction of your heart. Like pumping blood
Sacromere
The functional part of a muscle
What are skeletal muscles responsible for?
The voluntary movement of your muscles. Like lifting and running
What happens to your muscles if you have DMD?
Your muscles decrease over time because your muscles lack the protein dystrophin
What is an X-linked disorder?
a gene that is located on the X Chromosome that causes a genetic disorder