Biology: muscles and DMD

How many amino acids are there in a protein?

20 amino acids

Why Does DMD only affect males?

Because females have two X chromosomes, one with the healthy trait dominates the disorder, whereas males only have to acquire one X chromosome that carries the disorder

What is released during muscle contraction?

Calcium

Dystrophy

Decrease in muscle size due to lack of dystrophin

Atrophy

Decrease in muscle size due to lack of use

How do muscles contract?

During a muscle contraction, myosin filaments form cross-bridges with actin filaments. The cross-bridges then change shape, pulling the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.

hypertrophy

Increase in muscle size due to use

What are smooth muscles responsible for?

Involuntary movement of body tissues. Like digestion

How is DMD acquired?

It is passed on from the mother's X chromosome

What is a slow-twitch muscle? What type of excersize is it used for?

It's a muscle that contracts slowly and has endurance. Used for running

What is a fast-twitch muscle? What type of excersize is it used for?

It's a muscle that contracts with short bursts of energy. Used for lifting

What are two proteins found in muscle fibers?

Myosin and actin

What is a protein? What are the building blocks of proteins?

Proteins are large molecules found in living things. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

Which of the three muscles are voluntary?

Skeletal

What are the three types of muscles in the human body?

Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles

What are cardiac muscles responsible for?

The contraction of your heart. Like pumping blood

Sacromere

The functional part of a muscle

What are skeletal muscles responsible for?

The voluntary movement of your muscles. Like lifting and running

What happens to your muscles if you have DMD?

Your muscles decrease over time because your muscles lack the protein dystrophin

What is an X-linked disorder?

a gene that is located on the X Chromosome that causes a genetic disorder