Biology Study Guide A

The light-independent reactions require light / do not require light, and they build sugars/energy.

Do not require light, builds sugars

put the letter from each of the following statements to show the four steps of the Calvin cycle. a. A three-carbon molecule exits the cycle. Other three-carbon molecules stay in the cycle. b. Carbon dioxide is added to the Calvin cycle. c. Energy is used to convert the remaining three-carbon molecules into five-carbon molecules. d. Energy is used to split six-carbon molecules. Three-carbon molecules are formed and rearranged. e. When two three-carbon molecules have left the cycle they bond to form a six-carbon sugar (glucose).

b, d, e, c, d-->a

a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person's body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates

carbohydrates, B, E Lipids, A, D Protiens, C, F

The Calvin cycle uses energy from the light-dependent reactions to convert _________________ into sugars.

carbon dioxide

Some organisms are called producers because they produce the source of chemical energy / light energy for themselves and for other organisms.

chemical energy

Chemosynthesis is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy / light energy instead of chemical energy / light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules.

chemical energy, light energy

Chlorophyll is a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light / ultraviolet light.

chemical light

The prefix photo- means "light," and synthesis means "to put together." During photosynthesis, __________ from light is used to put together _________.

energy, sugars

The prefix chloro- means "green," and the suffix -phyll means "leaf." Therefore, chlorophyll is the light-absorbing molecule that makes leaves look _________.

green

The prefix in- means "not." Therefore, the reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light are called light-_________.

independent

The electron transport chain is a series of proteins/carbohydrates in the thylakoid membrane along which energized electrons travel.

proteins

Why is the photosynthesis equation often written with several arrows?

Because many chemical reactions occur with the help of many enzymes.

Thylakoids are coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments inside the _________.

Chlorophyll

The two molecules that carry energy to the light-independent reactions are ______and ______

ATP, NADPH

The two reactants in the photosynthesis equation are _________ and _________.

6CO2, 6H2O

The two products in the photosynthesis equation are _________ and _________.

6O2, C6H12O2

The function of light-dependent reactions is to________ and_______energy

Capture, Transfer

The prefix chemo- means "chemical," and synthesis comes from a Greek word that means "to put together." Therefore, chemosynthesis means "to put together with chemicals." In chemosynthesis, ______________ energy is used to produce carbon-based ____________ that store energy.

Chemical, Molecules

Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of a chloroplast: the _________ and the _________.

Grama, Stroma

ATP is a high-energy / low-energy molecule that is converted into higher-energy / lower-energy ADP when a phosphate group is removed and energy is released.

High energy, low energy

Photosynthesis captures chemical energy / light energy to make sugars that store chemical energy / light energy.

Light energy, Chemical energy

All cells use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy. ATP is a molecule/organelle that transfers energy from the breakdown of ADP / food molecules to cell processes.

Molecule, food molecules

Photosystems are groups of ________ that capture and transfer energy

Molecules

ADP is converted back into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group/food molecule.

Phosphate group

Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles where _________ takes place in plants.

Photosynthesis

The light-dependent reactions require light / do not require light, and they absorb and transfer sugars/energy.

Require light, Energy

The first part of an enzyme's name tells you about its function. All enzymes end with the suffix -ase. Therefore, ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes/synchronizes ATP.

Synthesizes

The prefix tri- means "three," and the prefix di- means "two." Therefore, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has ___________ phosphate groups, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has __________________ phosphate groups.

Three, Two

The overall process of photosynthesis can be written as a chemical equation.

___6co2___ + ___6h2o___-->___6O2___ + ____C6H12O6____

a. High-energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP) b. Lower-energy adenosine diphosphate (ADP) c. Energy added from a breakdown of carbon-based molecules, phosphate added d. Phosphate removed, the energy released

a, d, b, c

The word cycle tells you that the chemical reactions of the Calvin cycle go from one to another with a beginning and an end/with no beginning or end.

with no beginning or end