Biology Test 1

What type of compound is water?

An inorganic compound

Which of the following people is most likely to suffer from cirrhosis? An underweight woman with an alcohol problem. An obese man with an alcohol problem. An underweight man that is a non-drinker. An obese woman that is a non-drinker.

An obese man with an alcohol problem.

Josh noticed that Julie ordered extra hot peppers and added hot sauce to her food

Observation

Which four elements make up the bulk of living cells?

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Josh wondered how to cook spicy Mexican food

Question

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

What does it mean when we say, "This scientific study was published in a peer-reviewed journal"?

This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.

An ______ is the fundamental unit of matter

atom

The _______ consists of all life on Earth

biosphere

The four classes of large organic molecules that are essential to life include __________.

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

The _______ is the fundamental unit of life

cell

A __________ consists of all the interacting populations in an ecosystem

community

A _______ establishes a base line for an experiment

control group

The chemical reaction shown here, in which a large molecule is broken down into the smaller parts that make it up, is called a __________ reaction.

hydrolysis

A(n) __________ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.

hypothesis

The one variable that is manipulated by a scientist as a potential cause in an experiment is the __________ variable

independent

The ______________ is what is being manipulated as a potential cause

independent variable

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Polymers that contain sugars ...

may store hereditary information may store energy may protect cells

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

A _________ is a group of atoms bonded together

molecule

A ________ is a group in which no response is expected

negative control

A _________is a group that receives a treatment that is known to NOT induce the expected effect

negative control

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

An __________ consists of multiple tissues that cooperate to perfoem a specific task

organ

An ___________ is a group of organs that work together

organ system

An _________ is a component of the cell that performs a specific function

organelle

An ___________ is an individual living being

organism

The __________ is a phenomenon in which a patient feels better after merely believing treatment was given, even if none actually was given.

placebo effect

A ___________ is a group of interacting individuals of species

population

A ________ is a group in which a known response is expected

positive control

A _____________ is a group that receives a treatment that is known to induce the expected effect.

positive control

How subjects are assigned to each group should be __________

randomized

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes

1. Scientists use a general process known as the ___________ to ask and answer questions about nature.

scientific method

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A scientific _________ is a well-substantiated explanation which is comprehensive and able to explain a great many observations.

theory

A(n) ________ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses.

theory

A _______ is an integrated group of similar cells that work together

tissue

any factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in an experiment

variable

Rank graph items in order you should read them

1) Title 2) Axis labels 3) Legend 4) Source

All living organisms share ALL of the following properties

1. Order & structure 2. Energy & Matter processing 3. Reproduction 4. Growth & development 5. Response to environment 6. Evolutionary adaptations

Unifying themes of biology

1. Structure and function 2. Energy & matter pathways 3. Information flow 4. Interconnectedness 5. Evolution

Which of the following features would be useful in identifying pseudoscience? Adequate sample size Beliefs Use of control groups Use of the scientific method

Beliefs

Which of the following appears most likely to be true? Binge drinking does not increase the risk of cirrhosis in young people. Binge drinking increases the risk of cirrhosis in young people. Binge drinking is the only cause of cirrhosis in young people. Binge drinking has no effect on the liver in young people.

Binge drinking increases the risk of cirrhosis in young people.

Why are all living organisms based on molecules that contain carbon?

Carbon atoms can form bonds with up to four other atoms.

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells

Central vacuoles ribosomes

__________ are substances that CANNOT be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.

Elements

Which of the following statements cannot be tested by science? It is wrong that male lions kill baby lions when taking over a new pride. Male lions have brown manes. Male lions sleep 20 hours a day. All statements can be tested by science.

It is wrong that male lions kill baby lions when taking over a new pride.

When you read a scientific paper, which of the following is most critical to assure that the researchers followed scientific principles? It lacked a large control group. It was peer-reviewed. Their hypothesis was correct. It was funded by the government.

It was peer-reviewed.

You read a news story with the headline "Eating Portobello Mushrooms Prevents Cancer." Which of the following would be best for you to do with that information? Share the article on social media. Start eating copious amounts of portobello mushrooms. Look for other, similar research. Tell your friends that eating portobello mushrooms cures cancer.

Look for other, similar research

What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common?

Low solubility in water.

Which of the following is an example of an observational study?

Researchers ask people how long they normally sleep every night. Researchers then determine if fewer hours of sleep at night is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight.

At the start of class, your professor flips the light switch "on," but the overhead lights remain dark. Which of the following could be your hypothesis to explain why the lights did not turn on properly?

The circuit breaker controlling the lights has tripped, so no electricity is flowing to the light bulbs.

You see a display for a new diet pill in a grocery store. The display includes a stack of color-printed handouts claiming the average user of the product loses five pounds per week while taking the product. Which of the following would indicate that the handout is not a reliable source?

The intent of the handout is to convince the consumer to buy the diet pills

When reading a scientific paper, which of the following is most likely? Sample size has no impact on statistical analysis. The smaller the sample size, the better the statistical analysis. The larger the sample size, the worse the statistical analysis. The larger the sample size, the better the statistical analysis.

The larger the sample size, the better the statistical analysis.

What do you think might happen if you put a mixture of proteins and starch in a solution containing trypsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins?

The protein would be broken down into amino acids.

Scientists use the word_________ to mean a hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments; non-scientists use the word theory to mean a hypothesis that remains to be well tested.

Theory

Based on what happened with tobacco and, more recently climate change, which of the following is key to scientific consensus?

Time

Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say?

Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water.

You are a gastroenterologist seeing a 37-year-old patient who alcohol-related cirrhosis. Which of the following is true? It will most likely be fatal. Your patient will need to go on dialysis. Your patient may be able to reverse the disease if she quits drinking. Your patient will need a liver transplant to survive.

Your patient may be able to reverse the disease if she quits drinking.

This video explains the terms hypothesis and theory. Which of the following phrases best describes a hypothesis? an explanation supported by a wide variety of evidence a proposed explanation for an observation or question an explanation that is already known to be correct an explanation well established by the scientific community

a proposed explanation for an observation or question

In a __________ information is withheld from participants (single-blind) or from both participants and experimenter (double-blind).

blind experiment

The type of test that changes only one variable at a time in order to isolate the results is known as a _________ experiment.

controlled

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

In a ________ experiment, the researchers--but not the participants--know who receives the treatment and who does not, to eliminate subjective bias

single-blind

After chopping the jalapenos, he slowly added some to the enchilada filling, tasting as he went until he thought it was spicy enough

Experiment

A(n) ___________ involves running a test multiple times while changing one variable, leaving the others the same.

controlled experiment

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

Follicle cells in your scalp assemble proteins to build new hair. This most likely involves __________ reactions.

dehydration synthesis

The ________ variable is the factor a scientist observes to see the effect of the change made

dependent

iThe ____________ is the response, output, or effect under investigation.

dependent variable

In a _________ experiment, neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the treatment and who does not

double-blind

An ________ ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving components

ecosystem

The _____________ is the group getting the treatment that is being tested

experimental group

This video described the terms "hypothesis" and "theory." Which of the following phrases best describes a theory? Select all that apply.

has withstood the test of time broad and comprehensive in scope supported by a wide variety of evidence

Cell Theory

All living things are made of one or more cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms Cells arise from pre-existing cells

In which of the following places are doctors likely to see the highest percentage of young people dying of cirrhosis?

A community with a large percentage of Native Americans.

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source?

A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

Josh determined that since Julie liked the meal, adding jalapenos to the recipe was a good way to make it spicy

Conclusion

A study is published saying that eating broccoli disrupts sleep, while another study says that eating broccoli enhances sleep. Which of the following does this most resemble? Current research on climate change. Current research on gravity. Current research on tobacco. Current research on coffee.

Current research on coffee

Which of the following lists the steps of the process of science in the correct order? A) Observation, communications, testing, and outcomes B) Observation, testing, communication, and outcomes C) Observation, communication, outcomes, and testing D) Any of the above are correct.

D

Clinical trials are controlled human experiments designed to determine if a medical intervention is effective or not. When researchers are designing the trial, several elements can help increase confidence in the answer. In a trial to determine if a new drug is effective, which of the following elements should be included for highest confidence in the results?

Give some participants the new drug and some participants a placebo drug Do not tell participants or the researchers collecting data which group participants are in

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

You are a doctor seeing a patient. Which of the following would be most likely to lead you to think he has a problem with his liver?

He has a yellow hue.

Josh decided jalapenos would be a good ingredient to add spice to the recipe

Hypothesis

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion

How can you tell an animal cell from a plant cell? Animal cells contain mitochondria, and plant cells contain chloroplasts. Animal cells have a cytoskeleton, and plant cells have a cell wall. Animal cells have a flagellum, plant cells do not. Plant cells contain a vacuole and have a cell wall; animal cells lack these structures.

Plant cells contain a vacuole and have a cell wall; animal cells lack these structures.

Julie thought the enchiladas were delicious and exactly the right level of spice

Result

Which of these sub-cellular structures is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Mitochondria Nucleoid A nucleus Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis-driven controlled experiment?

Testing a hypothesis using groups that differ only by the one variable under consideration

What makes one protein capable of a different function than other proteins?

The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its function.

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy