Biology Topis 8 & 9

How does energy from ATP allow some of the reactions of anabolism to occur?

All of these answers are correct. - phosphate group is transferred from ATP to a reactant molecule, raising the energy level of that reactant molecule. -Some of the energy from a high-energy covalent bond in the ATP molecule is used to form a high-energy covalent bond in a substrate molecule. -Energy from ATP is used to increase the potential energy of a reactant molecule, such that the total free energy of the reactant molecules is now greater than the total free energy of the product molecules that would be formed by the reaction.

Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

As a consequence of growing, organisms create more disorder in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth.

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the

Entropy of the universe

Many of the reactions that occur during metabolism are reversible. Given the laws of thermodynamics, how is that possible?

Even in the same solution, some of the molecules of a particular species may have more energy than others.

Which of the following is a statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

When chemical, transport or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated?

It is lost to the environment.

The mathematical expression for the change in the free energy of a system is ∆G = ∆H - T∆S. Which of the following is (are) TRUE?

T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin. ∆H is the change in free energy. ∆S is the change in enthalpy. ∆G is the change in entropy.

What is the difference, if any, between the structure of ATP and the structure of the precursor of the A nucleotide in RNA?

There is no difference.

Which of the following is considered an open system?

all of these answers are correct -a plant cell with a strong cell wall -an animal cell -a clam

The rate of flow of materials through a metabolic pathway can be altered by

all of these answers are correct -altering the amount of substrate for the reaction -changing the activity level(s) of one or more of the enzymes that catalyze steps in that pathway. -altering the amount of product for the reaction

Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy of a cell?

dehydration reactions

A chemical reaction that has a positive ∆G is correctly described as

endergonic

The amount of disorder or randomness is a system is represented by

entropy (S)

Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as ________ is to ________.

exergonic; endergonic

The amount of energy in a system that is available to do work is represented by

free energy (G)

The hydrolysis of ATP to form ADP and Pi is

highly exergonic

The statement "energy cannot be created or destroyed"

is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics

The mathematical expression for the change in the free energy of a system is ∆G = ∆H - T∆S. Which of the following is (are) TRUE? T is the temperature in degrees Celsius. ∆S is the change in free energy. ∆H is the change in enthalpy. ∆G is the change in entropy.

∆H is the change in enthalpy.

The mathematical expression for the change in the free energy of a system is ∆G = ∆H - T∆S. Which of the following is (are) TRUE? ∆S is the change in entropy. ∆G is the change in enthalpy. ∆H is the change in free energy. T is the temperature in degrees Celsius.

∆S is the change in entropy.