Biology U9
Sort the food chain in order from the beginning of the process:
Plants, Minnow, Bass, Man
photosynthesis
Putting together food molecules with chlorophyll and the light energy from the sun
The state that is ultimately reached which results in balance is called
equilibrium
balance of nature
equilibrium
It is now understood that life requires a simultaneous coexistence of numerous interdependent cycles. This fact essentially precludes
evolutionary processes.
The environmental factors of a habitat are bounded by the --- of conditions which an organism can tolerate.
extreme
Which ecological principle is probably responsible for the lack of reptiles and amphibians in the tundra?
extremes of conditions determine suitability of a habitat
endangered species
All the living things of a particular kind so few in number that they are threatened with extinction
Which of the following statements is true?
All the populations in the ecosystem form the community.
inventory
In ecology, a list with numbers of all the names of plants and animals seen in some community or region
Nothing is free in nature; what is removed must be replaced.
True
Organisms with similar requirements usually compete for environmental factors.
True
Recycling of garbage, solid wastes and certain crops for generating energy has been accomplished already.
True
Smog may involve a variety of pollutants.
True
Solutions to energy problems may cause new problems that need to be solved.
True
Some of the worst pollution comes in the form of dangerous chemicals and particles that poison or injure life.
True
The entire earth is actually a global ecosystem.
True
The potential extinction of the Whooping crane appears to be diminishing.
True
The term "smog" may involve a variety of pollutants.
True
While waiting for scientists to help solve some energy problems, wise people are helping to save energy where they can.
True
An animal that eats plants is said to be a(n)
herbivore
A habitat that has lots of light and water, a high elevation, low temperature, and a low level of oxygen is most likely a _____ habitat.
high mountain
A habitat that has less oxygen and less air pressure than many organisms require would be a:
high mountaintop
The reduction of which energy source would have the greatest effect in minimizing air pollution?
petroleum
hydraulic energy
rivers, dams
Sort the steps of the ecosystem in the correct order for a cycle.
sun, soil, water, green plants, plant eaters, flesh eaters, decomposers
The --- type of biome is expected in Alaska. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)
tundra
biome
tundra
least species diversity
tundra
resource
used to aid or assist
raw materials problems
using them rapidly
fresh water aquatic
water lilies, frogs
mechanical energy
water turning turbine
A bird that is an endangered species is:
whooping crane
One important problem with wind energy for worldwide use is:
wind does not blow constantly everywhere
nuclear energy
within an atom
tundra
wolves, treeless
Energy means the ability or capacity to do
work
How can writing a letter to industry or government help a local pollution problem?
you may suggest a solution, public concern quickens response, brings awareness of problems to appropriate agencies
Pollution is everybody's problem.
true
The first link in a food chain is always a plant.
true
Natural catastrophes can be a large source of pollution.
True
pesticide
A chemical used to kill pests
quadrat
A sampling plot used to study and analyze plants and animals
transect
A sampling technique used to study and analyze plants and animals using a long, narrow plot or line
Most "disposable" products are _____.
A source of long term pollution
Most "disposable" products:
Are a source of long-term pollution
The green chemical in plants that traps light energy from the sun is:
Chlorophyll
The largest component of invisible smog is _____.
Disposable monoxide
kinetic energy
Energy of moving objects
solar energy
Energy produced by or coming from the sun
Each of these items are biomes except :
Fallen log
A community is the place where organisms live.
False
A quadrat may be long and narrow.
False
All energy conversion activities produce an equal amount of pollution.
False
All the resources of solid waste shown in the pie graph are biodegradable.
False
Because temperature increases with depth in the earth's crust, geothermal energy can be developed almost anywhere
False
Disposable products are a good solution to the problems of pollution.
False
Extinction of organisms is a relatively recent phenomenon attributed primarily to man.
False
If we ignore pollution, it will go away.
False
Nuclear power generation provides a large percentage of the energy requirements in the U.S.
False
Pollution caused by pesticides and fertilizers is limited to areas close to the source (farms).
False
Pollution caused by petroleum products is essentially limited to major oil spills.
False
Pollution is a problem for governments and industry only.
False
Pollution is a problem only for the rich people of the world.
False
Pollution is dangerous only to people.
False
Pollution only affects large cities such as Los Angeles or New York.
False
Pollution problems began in this century.
False
Pollution problems began with the invention of disposable pop bottles and cans.
False
Recycling is a prevention method for solving pollution problems.
False
Satellite images are not available to students.
False
Technology has provided methods to recycle all products.
False
The process of decomposition releases oxygen and hydrogen.
False
Tidal power can be developed almost anywhere along the world's coastal areas.
False
Volcanic eruptions are not considered a source of pollution.
False
geothermal
Heat energy coming from inside the earth
Nearly all of the solid waste produced by agriculture:
Is biodegradable
laser
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
The three general guidelines to control pollution are:
Management, Prevention, Cure
extinct
Organisms that once lived on earth but all of their kind have died out; a dead species
What source of energy provides the majority of energy for the United States?
Petroleum
Reducing individual purchases of disposable products would be a form of:
Prevention of pollution
tidal power
Produced by or coming from the tides
potential energy
Stored energy
pollution
The act of contamination, making dirty or unclean.
What ecological impact is caused by the use of energy?
The ecological impact caused by the use of energy is pollution and health problems, but newer and cleaner energy sources are being tested to help prevent pollution.
nuclear energy
The energy released when atoms are split apart or fused together in atomic reactions
phytoplankton
The tiny, free-floating plants in a lake or ocean; microscopic green algae
biosphere
The zone or layer of air, land, and water at the earth's surface occupied by living things
stewardship
To be in charge of supervision or management
A dead tree stump is probably not a serious pollution problem.
True
A geyser is an example of geothermal power.
True
Air, water, and soil are essential environmental factors.
True
All of life's activities require energy. We need energy sources to run our world.
True
Carbon monoxide is a pollutant.
True
Disposable products are a pollution problem.
True
Ecologists tell us the reason that answers to pollution problems must be found soon is that pollution is getting worse faster than problems can be solved.
True
Good management is necessary for maintaining a healthful environment for all life.
True
Higher elevations have cooler temperatures that limit plant and animal life.
True
If an ecologist knows the types of plants in an area, he/she can make a good guess as to the type of biome and the type of fauna that live there.
True
Increased recycling is a recommended partial solution to some forms of pollution.
True
Land and living things have been spoiled, exploited, and destroyed by greed.
True
ecosystem
a cycle of relationships
community
a group of living things that live in the same place
tundra
a high mountaintop biome
sulfur oxides
acid rain
kinetic energy
active
tropical rain forest
anteaters, jungle
climate
average weather for a place
savanna
grass, deer
If a substance is biodegradable, the substance can be decomposed by --- action
bacterial
dynamic equilibrium
balance of nature
Ideally, an inventory of an ecosystem should be taken:
before a problem is suspected
Any substance that can be decomposed by bacterial action is referred to as
biodegradable
A life zone is called a(n)
biome
soot
burn eyes, discolor on lower leaf surface
ozone
burn eyes, discolor on upper leaf surface, ruins cloth and rubber
Of the solutions to some forms of pollution listed below, all are recommended, except _____.
burning trash
heat energy
burning wood
biodegradable
can be decomposed
air pollutant
carbon monoxide
An animal that eats the flesh of other animals is said to be a(n)
carnivore
Flesh-eating animals are said to be
carnivores
What part of the ecosystem could not survive without the other components?
carnivores
carbon monoxide
causes dizziness, headache, sick feeling, heavy amounts fatal
The biome with many thorny bushes and dense thickets is called the
chaparral
deciduous forest
chipmunks, black bears, hardwood
urban
city biome
Maps that show differences in temperature, rainfall, and weather are called --- maps.
climatic
A biome consists of habitats and
communities
cultivated
crops
ecosystem
cycle
The --- type of biome is expected in Florida. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)
deciduous forest
chaparral:
dense shrubs
The --- type of biome is expected at the Baja Peninsula
desert
driest biome
desert
mercury
deteriorates nervous system
The --- type of biome is expected in the U.S. Central plains. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)
grassland
ozone
discomfort to eyes, nose and throat
new products problems
disposable "throw a ways"
carbon monoxide
dizziness
The --- people have been using wind energy for years.
dutch
green plants dying out
ecosystem breakdown
Two factors which can produce biomes are:
elevation and latitude
What impact do the various energy conversion processes have on ecology?
energy conversion used by man usually produces pollution, it is related to natural cycles which affect activities of ecosystems, natural energy conversion can help maintain/ restore balance
The koala and the --- tree are an example of an interrelationship that is so close, the life of the koala depends on it.
eucalyptus
coniferous forest:
evergreen trees
used to grow crops
grasslands
The place where an organism lives is referred to as its
habitat
All of the kinds of animals that once lived on the earth, but do not live here any more, are referred to as
extinct
An endangered species means it is a kind of organism that is near
extinction
All the plant life of a region is called fauna.
false
The science of ecology shows nature to be complex and without order.
false
Which items are sources of soil pollution or soil pollutants?
fertilizer
Which items are sources of water pollution or water pollutants?
fertilizer, oil spills, seafood contamination, mining industries, sewage, lumber industries, plastics, waste chemicals dumped
chemical energy
food, bonds broken
(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following all the new energy sources considered fuels of the future.
fuel cells, wind, tidal, hydrogen, garbage, nuclear, solar, geothermal, laser
A --- is an energy source that produces electricity by chemically combining gases or liquids into fuel.
fuelcell
electrical energy
generators, batteries
relationships
how living things depend on each other and their environment
The satellite system called ERTS-1, used by scientists to study the ecology of the Earth, makes use of images taken with --- wavelengths
infrared
Which portion of the energy spectrum is particularly useful for differentiating vegetation from space?
infrared
Nearly all of the solid waste produced by agriculture:
is biodegradable
Large industrial use of wind energy:
is restricted to localized areas of consistent wind
Recycling
is the renewing of a resource to be used again as a raw material.
Concerning the non-renewable energy resources of the earth's crust:
it is uncertain how long the resources will be readily available
Plants and animals live in certain environments because:
it supplies them with proper environmental factors, it supplies them food
Concerning the Australian koala:
its habitat can vary somewhat if it is supplied eucalyptus
grassland
jack rabbits, foxes, badger
Why is satellite imagery useful to ecologists?
large-scale regional studies of biomes can be mapped, the predominant vegetation of an ecosystem can be monitored, natural disasters can be surveyed, outstanding environmental factors can be monitored
light energy
laser
light energy
light bulb
habitat
living place
airborne particles
lung disease
Salt-water:
marine plankton
The greatest obstacle to developing solar energy is:
mechanisms for storing solar energy
Which items are sources of air pollution or atmospheric pollutants?
ozone, smog, carbon monoxide, mining industriesfuel-burning power, plants, PAN, lumber industries
What characteristics of nuclear energy make it desirable?
minimal atmospheric pollution, does not require great quantities of fuel
Which industry produces the largest quantity of solid wastes?
mining
successful recycling
newspapers, glass, aluminum
Can all energy be recycled?
no, because the energy released from fuels loses its ability to perform work with each energy conversion
Which potential energy source is associated with lasers?
nuclear fusion
New energy sources may be an important answer to cleaning up pollution.
true
The most important, food-producing plants of the ocean are:
phytoplankton
Reducing individual purchases of disposable products would be a form of:
prevention of pollution
The sampling technique which employs recording all the organisms within a specified square area is called a(n) --- technique.
quadrat
ecologist's tool
quadrat
What tools emphasized in the text do ecologists use to study the environment?
quadrat studies, topographic maps, vegetation maps, information from satellites
most species diversity
rainforest
PAN
reduces visibility, causes lung disease
ecology
relationships
A quadrat and a transect are two --- techniques that ecologists use.
sampling
(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following list the ecologists' tools you have learned about.
satellite images, quadrats and transects, climatic maps, inventory, vegetation maps
habitat
seashore
In a forest ecosystem, a robin and a squirrel live in the same tree. The two organisms _____.
share the same habitat
hydrocarbons
slow plant growth, cause abnormal leaves, cause cancer
ecosystem problems
slow to repair
hydrocarbons
slows plant growth and causes abnormal leaves
recycle
solution to pollution
Pollution is related to energy problems in that:
some energy sources cause pollution, new energy sources may help clean up pollution
Which statement represents the correct association of organisms and their habitat?; while others may occupy a variety of habitats.
some plants and animals are restricted to a particular habitat
Which statement represents the correct association of organisms and their habitat?
some plants and animals are restricted to a particular habitat while others may occupy a variety of habitats.
recycling problems
some plastics and metals
Check the substances found in smog:
soot and other particles, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides
nuclear energy
splitting the atom
mechanical energy
steam engine, turbine
potential energy
stored
four seasons
temperate deciduous forest
environmental factor
temperature
The largest ecosystem on the earth comprises:
the biosphere
What is true concerning an ecological community?
the ecosystem of multiple organisms, regardless of areal extent
Why would no ecosystem exist without energy conversion?
the food chain would not be possible, photosynthesis would not operate
Concerning the balance of pollutants in the biosphere:
the long term balance of the biosphere under current conditions is uncertain
What characteristics of nuclear energy are undesirable?
thermal pollution, long term storage of radioactive wastes, questionable safety of nuclear reactors
When taking an inventory, the number of plants and animals should be considered and the
time and date
poison
toxic substances
The method used by ecologists to record data along a narrow straight zone is called the --- method
transect
As an example, the tundra is a biome which has a habitat which includes:
treeless arctic plains, foxes, wolves, weasels, mice
Garbage is being used as a new fuel source in some areas.
true
Maps give information about ecology by showing what plants grow where; records for monitoring health of communities, vegetation, climate, and biomes.
true
A habitat is best described as:
A habitat is best described as:
biome
A life zone
Two primary factors which produce biomes are:
elevation and latitude
All forms of life on earth are linked together in relationships involving _____.
food
The location of the Earth and its quantity of solar radiation has permitted the unique presence of --- in the solar system.
liquid water
The process of decomposition commonly releases into the environment:
nitrogen and carbon
The basic materials needed for life originate from the
nonliving environment.
The basic materials of which all living things are formed are
nonliving substances.
Which answer best indicates the dynamic balance of an ecosystem?
number and variety of organisms vs. changing environment
ecosystem
organisms and their environment
The most important food-producing organisms of the ocean are
phytoplankton
The first link in any food chain is always a(n)
plant
herbivorous
plant eating
organism
plant or animal
Interrelationship implies a(n)
reciprocal reliance.
(Select all that apply.) Choose the main components of an ecosystem.
sun, soil, water, climate, plants, herbivores, carnivores, decomposers
environment
surroundings
Disturbance of the natural environment often produces
unexpected results.
zooplankton
The tiny, free-floating animals in a lake, stream, or ocean; rotifers, brine shrimp, and water fleas
plankton
The tiny, free-floating surface organisms of a lake, stream, or ocean
decomposer
bacteria
A habitat which is directly related to climate is called a
biome
An ecosystem may consist of more than one --- in a defined locale
community
The complex process of photosynthesis is responsible for:
converting energy to basic food, maintaining the food chain, supplying energy to man
relationships
dependent, competitive
Which ecosystem is the most resistant to permanent change?
diverse organisms in a large region
Examples of good management to maintain or restore the balance of nature are:
duplicate natural processes of the environment, adjust living things to the environment, make decisions on biology, ecology, and environmental conditions.
Common needs, mutual benefit, and interactions are all examples of
interdependence
Removing plants or animals from their ecosystem:
requires knowledge to determine the extent of the effect, needs to be conducted in small increments to determine the potential effects
Environmental factors may be studied using
space satellites
Some environmental factors are studied by the use of:
space satellites
The word ecology comes from Greek words meaning:
study of houses
Biomes are usually named from:
the variety of flora
Unnatural occurrences can have the most significant impact on an ecosystem.
true
Nature is not balanced as long as a state of dynamic equilibrium exists.
False
Only people upset the balance of nature.
False
The relationships between organisms and their environment are peripheral.
False
Cycles in an environment, like the cycles of the seasons, have been designed and controlled by
God
"For by him were all things created" refers to the person of
Jesus Christ
Ecosystems which are left to the natural state tend to remain balanced.
True
phytoplankton
microscopic marine plants
All living things affect all other living things.
True
food chain
A series of food energy steps from plants to animals to other animals in a community of living things
dynamic equilibrium
A state of change in which the end result is equal or balanced
fauna
All the animal life of a region
flora
All the plant life of a region
vegetation
Another name for plant life
Good management practices are based on politics and economics.
False
Introducing additional organisms of the same existing kinds will not upset the ecosystem.
False
Man's physiology is capable of converting solar energy to meet his needs.
False
For a high mountain habitat, choose a + for high, or a - for low, or an A for average or variable to represent the characteristic of the given environmental factors.
Light +, Temperature -, Water +, Oxygen -, Elevation +.
A balanced ecosystem cannot change.
False
A small upset in the balance always results in the death of a whole community.
False
Any given ecosystem will right itself given sufficient time, including all living and nonliving things affected by it.
False
Ecological systems can never be adequately understood.
False
Ecology is the study of the differences between plants and animals in their environment.
False
The word ecology is made up of two Greek words, oikos and logia, and means "_____."
house knowledge
Each component of an ecosystem is:
interdependent
Sort in order from beginning of ecosystem:
sun, soil, water, and climate, green plants, herbivorous animals, carnivorous animals, decomposers
What is meant by "solar radiation equilibrium" in the related ecology principle?
the complex atmospheric conditions combined with the net influx and radiation outflux
How do phytoplankton affect the ecosystem of the entire earth?
through the oxygen cycle
Everything living and nonliving are connected to everything else.
True
Not having enough space can upset the balance of nature.
True
A framework which attempts to show the interrelationships of plants, animals, and the environment in a defined area is called a(n)
ecosystem
(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following all the environmental factors upon which plants and animals depend.
light, air, minerals, temperature, growing seasons, surface features, water, elevation
Ecology is made up of:
many sciences
Which statements reflect dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem?
number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors, any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side
a condition or conditions of the nonliving surroundings, such as light, temperature, water, and so on
environmental factor
The building blocks of a habitat consist of
environmental factors.
the place where a community of plants and animals lives; the place where some organism is usually found
habitat
The diversity of plants and animals on Earth is supported by the numerous kinds of
habitats available
A biome is a life zone that is dependent primarily upon:
Climate
Every time people do something to the environment, reactions usually happen as predicted.
False
All forms of life on earth are linked together in some type of food relationship.
True
Ecology is concerned with relationships.
True
Everything living depends on something else for its life.
True
Habitats vary because environmental factors vary.
True
Natural catastrophes can upset the balance of an ecosystem.
True
The ultimate source of energy for physical life on earth is the sun.
True
Energy moves through the plants and animals in an ecosystem by way of _____.
a food chain