Biology Unit 3 Ch. 7 Cells Vocabulary Quiz Review
dynamic equillibrium
a condition in which there is continuous movement across a semi-permeable membrane but there is no overall change in conditions
selective permeability
a property of the plasma membrane that allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out
plasma membrane
a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell (cell membrane)
cytoskeleton
a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers (microtubules) that form a framework for the cell
cell wall
a thick, rigid mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma mebrane
cell theory
all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure, cells come from other cells
eukaryotic
cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (animals, plants, fungi, protists)
prokaryotic
cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles (bacteria)
isotonic solution
condition in which the cell is at equilibrium with its solution and there is no net movement of water
osmosis
diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
flagella
long whip-like structure used for movement
endoplasmic reticulum
membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that produce proteins and lipids (smooth or rough)
centrioles
microtubules that serve a function during cell division (animal cells)
fluid mosaic model
model of the phospholipid bilayer where molecules can float freely
passive transport
movement of substances across the cell/plasma membrane without using energy from high to low concentrations. Examples: diffusion, osmosis
nucleus
organelle that controls the cell containing the DNA, found in eukaryotes
nucleolus
organelle that makes ribosomes inside the nucleus
vacuole
organelle used to store food, enzymes, wastes, and other materials needed by the cell (larger in plants)
golgi apparatus/body
organelle with flattened stack of membranes that sorts and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles
ribosomes
organelles responsible for the manufacture of cell proteins
mitochondria
organelles that conduct cellular respiration by converting food/glucose particles into usable forms of energy
chloroplasts
organelles that conduct photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy (food/glucose)
transport proteins
protein that moves substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane
cilia
short, numerous projections on the outside of the cell that resemble hairs
hypertonic solution
solution where there is less water outside the cell than solute, water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink
hypotonic solution
solution where there is more water outside the cell than solute, water moves in to the cell causing it to swell
organelles
specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions
active transport
the movement of particles against a concentration gradient which requires energy
diffusion
the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration that does not require energy
endocytosis
the process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, causing its enclosure in part of the plasma membrane
exocytosis
the secretion of large materials at the plasma membrane using energy.
cytoplasm
the semifluid material inside the plasma membrane
phospholipid bilayer
two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail to tail that makes up the plasma/cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
uses transport proteins to move ions and other small molecules across the plasma membrane
lysosomes
vesicles that contain substances that digest excess or worn out organelles and food particles (animal cells)
