Biology Unit 3 Ch. 7 Cells Vocabulary Quiz Review

dynamic equillibrium

a condition in which there is continuous movement across a semi-permeable membrane but there is no overall change in conditions

selective permeability

a property of the plasma membrane that allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out

plasma membrane

a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell (cell membrane)

cytoskeleton

a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers (microtubules) that form a framework for the cell

cell wall

a thick, rigid mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma mebrane

cell theory

all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure, cells come from other cells

eukaryotic

cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (animals, plants, fungi, protists)

prokaryotic

cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles (bacteria)

isotonic solution

condition in which the cell is at equilibrium with its solution and there is no net movement of water

osmosis

diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

flagella

long whip-like structure used for movement

endoplasmic reticulum

membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that produce proteins and lipids (smooth or rough)

centrioles

microtubules that serve a function during cell division (animal cells)

fluid mosaic model

model of the phospholipid bilayer where molecules can float freely

passive transport

movement of substances across the cell/plasma membrane without using energy from high to low concentrations. Examples: diffusion, osmosis

nucleus

organelle that controls the cell containing the DNA, found in eukaryotes

nucleolus

organelle that makes ribosomes inside the nucleus

vacuole

organelle used to store food, enzymes, wastes, and other materials needed by the cell (larger in plants)

golgi apparatus/body

organelle with flattened stack of membranes that sorts and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles

ribosomes

organelles responsible for the manufacture of cell proteins

mitochondria

organelles that conduct cellular respiration by converting food/glucose particles into usable forms of energy

chloroplasts

organelles that conduct photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy (food/glucose)

transport proteins

protein that moves substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane

cilia

short, numerous projections on the outside of the cell that resemble hairs

hypertonic solution

solution where there is less water outside the cell than solute, water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink

hypotonic solution

solution where there is more water outside the cell than solute, water moves in to the cell causing it to swell

organelles

specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions

active transport

the movement of particles against a concentration gradient which requires energy

diffusion

the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration that does not require energy

endocytosis

the process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, causing its enclosure in part of the plasma membrane

exocytosis

the secretion of large materials at the plasma membrane using energy.

cytoplasm

the semifluid material inside the plasma membrane

phospholipid bilayer

two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail to tail that makes up the plasma/cell membrane

facilitated diffusion

uses transport proteins to move ions and other small molecules across the plasma membrane

lysosomes

vesicles that contain substances that digest excess or worn out organelles and food particles (animal cells)