Biology Unit 3 Test

How many ATP does the Acetyl CoA Formation produce?

0

How many phosphates does ADP have?

2

How many phosphates are in ATP?

3

What is the balanced chemical equation for the overall reactions of photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O -----(sunlight)------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

How is the energy stored in ATP released?

A phosphate group is broken off

Where is chemical energy stored in molecules?

ATP

What are the reactants of light independent reactions?

ATP + NADPH + Carbon Dioxide

Which products of the light-dependent reactions are used in the Calvin Cycle to help form reduced organic compounds?

ATP and NADPH

Explain the role of ATP in cells

ATP provides short-term energy that can be used in synthetic reactions

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

CO2 + NADH + FADH2 + 2 ATP

What happens during carbon fixation?

Carbon dioxide is attached to RuBP by the enzyme RUBISCO. This forms 2 molecules of 3-Phosphoglycerate for each CO2 added.

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplast

Which part of the plant cell performs photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

What is an alternate name for the Krebs Cycle?

Citric Acid Cycle

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

Convert ADP into ATP

Where does the Acetyl CoA Formation occur?

Cytoplasm into Mitochondria

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

Cytosol

What happens during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

Each molecule of 3-Phosphoglycerate is reduced to form G3P. This requires energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH.

Which reaction provides the most ATP?

Electron Transport Chain

What happens during the reduction stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions)?

Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose).

What is left after the waste product goes away?

Glucose

What are the products of light independent reactions?

Glucose + ADP + NADP+

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

Glucose + NAD+ + ADP

Identify the organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place

In the chloroplast

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

In the matrix of the mitochondrion.

Where are the chlorophyll and other pigments located?

In the photosystems

What is meant by the term Carbon Fixation?

It's when gaseous carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide from the air) is incorporated into an organic molecule with the help of RuBP carboxylase.

What does light do when it strikes the chlorophyll molecules of photosystems I II?

Light causes electrons to get excited (gain energy) and travel down an electron transport chain embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

What are the products of the electron transport chain?

NAD+ + FAD+ + H2O + 34 ATP

What are the reactants of the electron transport chain?

NADH + FADH2 + O2 + ADP

Does the Acetyl CoA Formation happen in the absence of oxygen?

No

Does the electron transport chain happen in the absence of oxygen?

No

What is released as a waste product from the plant?

Oxygen

What specific reactant does the aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration refers to?

Oxygen

The splitting of water at photosystem II is known as ________________ and results in the production of _____________________.

Photolysis; oxygen, hydrogen ions (protons), and electrons that are given to photosystem II.

What process uses the water and CO2 taken in by the plant?

Photosynthesis

What absorbs and releases the light energy captured by the chlorophyll in the photosystems?

Photosystem II absorbs the light energy.

What best explains why you would find carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in a plant leaf if you tested for them?

Plants use the atoms they absorb from the soil and the sugars produced in photosynthesis to make carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

As the electrons travel from photosystem II down the first electron transport chain, their energy is used to...

Pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, producing a concentration gradient that will later be used by ATP synthase to form ATP.

What are the reactants of the Krebs cycle?

Pyruvate + NAD+ + FAD+ ADP

What are the products of glycolysis?

Pyruvate + NADH + 2 ATP

Where does the carbon used to produce sugars come from for the Calvin Cycle?

RuBP

How can the chemical energy stored in molecules be released?

Sometimes energy is released to do work, such as moving a muscle.

Where does the energy from the Light-Dependent reactions wind up?

The ATP from the light-dependent reaction is used to help carry out a series of chemical reactions.

What happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions)?

The enzyme Rubisco attaches CO2 to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate.

What is the main function of this product?

The main function of glucose is to provide food for the plant.

What happens during the regeneration stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions)?

The remaining G3P molecules that have not exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions so that the Calvin Cycle can continue.

What are the energy carriers produced during the Light-Dependent reactions used for?

They are used to create a chemical pathway into PGAL.

After the 2 molecules of G3P are used to form glucose, what happens to the other 5 molecules of G3P?

They are used to regenerate RuBP so that the Calvin Cycle can continue.

Why do hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase?

They flow passively from high concentration to low concentration via facilitated diffusion. As they flow from ATP synthase, the enzyme spins and produces ATP.

After electrons get excited by light a second time (at photosystem I), where do they go?

They travel down a second electron transport chain and are donated to NADP+, which becomes NADPH (an electron carrier).

Why would plants use more than one kind of pigment?

To absorb as much light as possible

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?

To harvest electrons

What is the purpose of the Calvin Cycle?

To store the chemical energy produced by the light-dependent reactions by fixing inorganic CO2 into organic sugars.

What is the purpose of Light Dependent Reactions?

To transform light energy into chemical energy.

After light excites electrons and they leave Photosystems II to travel down the first electron transport chain, how are these electrons replaced to Photosystems II?

Water is split and the electrons are given to the chlorophyll molecules of Photosystems II.

What is the purpose of water in photosynthesis?

Water splits and donates their electrons, which creates oxygen as a byproduct.

When is the term "fix" used?

When living things take inorganic substances from their environment and incorporate them into organic molecules

Does glycolysis happen in the absence of Oxygen?

Yes

Does the Krebs cycle happen in the absence of oxygen?

Yes

What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis?

for plants to produce oxygen and glucose

identify the organelle in eukaryotic cells where aerobic cellular respiration occurs.

in the matrix of the mitochondrion

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

inner membrane of the mitochondrion

How much ATP would be produced if no Oxygen were available?

none

What are the parts of an ATP molecule?

ribose sugar, nitrogen based adenine, and phosphate groups

How is ATP made?

spinning of the ATP synthase

What are the two energy carriers in LDR?

the electron transport chain and NADPH

What are stomata?

tiny holes in the leaf that allow air to get in and out.

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

to break down glucose

What is the purpose of an electron transport chain?

transports the electrons H+ pump. As this happens, the electrons release energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid.