Biology Unit 4 Questions

How do flowering plants reproduce by fertilization if they are immotile?

Insects and other organisms carry pollen to other flowers.

_____ is most common among terrestrial animals.

Internal fertilization

You are looking at a cell through a microscope and see that a tetrad has formed, which phase of meiosis is the cell in?

Prophase I

Meiosis is also referred to as _____.

a reduction of chromosomes

Prokaryotic cells reproduce by _____.

binary fission

This type of asexual reproduction occurs when a single celled organism divides into two organisms.

binary fission

During prophase, each pair of chromosomes is attached to each other by the _____.

centromere

Organisms that are asexually produced are more likely to _____.

develop diseases because they have little genetic variation

The reproduction of DNA during interphase begins with _____.

enzymes separating the DNA molecules

Most aquatic animals use _____.

external fertilization

When an organism of many cells breaks up into two or more parts and these parts survive to produce a new organism, reproduction occurs by _____.

fragmentation

The only haploid cells in an organism are _____.

gametes

The most significant characteristic of sexual reproduction is _____.

genetic variability

A generalized term for animal organs that produce sex cells is a _____.

gonad

Meiosis takes place in the _______ of most organisms.

gonads

what is the basic type of cell found in the simplest animals?

haploid

By what reproductive mechanism does a haploid animal grow?

initially by meiosis and then by mitosis

The cell conducts its normal functions during ______.

interphase

Gametes that are the same in size and shape is known as _____.

isogamy

Reproductive cells are created by _____.

meiosis

Sexual reproduction is associated with _____.

meiosis

The cell division process that only occurs in specific cells and at specific times is _____.

meiosis

The cell division process that produces daughter cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell is _____.

meiosis

The uniqueness of individual offspring for many animals and plants is the result of a process called _____.

meiosis

The phase during mitosis in which chromosomes move into the center of the cell is _____.

metaphase

Identical duplicates of the mother cell are created by _____.

mitosis

Which occurs more frequently, mitosis or meiosis?

mitosis

When a parent cell makes several nuclei and divides to make several daughter cells, it is called _____.

multiple fission

In multiple fission, a cell is produced that has multiple ________.

nuclei

Human gametes are _____.

oogamous

Gametes that are motile are often called _____.

sperm

These small motile gametes fertilize ovum.

sperm

Stem cells are important because _____.

they can differentiate into almost any other type of cell

When DNA is duplicated during mitosis, _____.

two completely new DNA molecules are formed

Fertilization occurs when _____.

two gametes come together and chromosomes combine

In plant cells, differentiation begins _____.

where elongation in the root stops

Most specialized cells remain in the _____ phase of the cell's life cycle.

G0

Asexual reproduction is based on a type of cell division known as _____.

mitosis

By what mechanism does a diploid animal grow after fertilization?

mitosis

During which phase are sister chromatids separated?

anaphase

When are the homologous pairs of chromosomes separated?

anaphase I

A condition in which the gametes are similar in shape but different in size is _____.

anisogamy

The replication of a parent cell or organism that results in a genetically identical offspring is known as _____.

asexual reproduction

Farmers looking to grow large quantities of food quickly would utilize plants that reproduce _____.

asexually

The genetic material appearing like a thread in the nucleus is known as _____.

chromatin

In some isogamous protists, the act of fertilization involves the transfer of genetic information. This function is called _____.

conjugation

The process by which isogamous organisms exchange genetic information during fertilization is called _____.

conjugation

The part of cell division that causes the separation of the cytoplasm is _____.

cytokinesis

The process of actual separation of cells at the end of mitosis is called _____.

cytokinesis

The maturation of a cell for a specific function is called _____.

differentiation

The process that creates specialized cells like blood cells, nerve cells, or bone cells, is called _____.

differentiation

After fertilization, an egg is _____.

diploid

Cells having matched pairs of chromosomes are _____.

diploid

In order to yield a ________ chromosome condition, only one sperm can fertilize one egg.

diploid

Most of the cells in the human body are _____.

diploid

What type of fertilization requires a great excess of egg and sperm gametes because most are wasted?

external fertilization

Which plant structure found in lower plants produces gametes?

gametangium

Gametes are normally _____.

haploid

What is the condition of having gametes of different sizes and shapes?

oogamy

The phase during mitosis in which DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is _____.

prophase

During what phase of meiosis does the DNA coil into visible chromosomes?

prophase I

Binary fission is the most common form of reproduction in _____.

protozoa

The fusing together of two gametes at fertilization is _____ reproduction.

sexual

Farmers cultivate many crops asexually because______.

the crops are the same as the previous crops

A fertilized egg cell is called a(n) _____.

zygote

Asexual reproduction produces _____.

a direct clone of the parent.

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Disease and disorders are passed on.

Once an egg has been fertilized, _____.

1. a zygote is formed 2. a barrier to other sperm forms immediately

What are some of the ways organisms reproduce asexually?

1. budding 2. fission 3. fragmentation

Differentiated animal cells and tissues include _____.

1. cuboidal cells 2. columnar cells 3. bone cells 4. fat cells 5. neurons

The purposes of mitosis are _____.

1. growth of organisms 2. cell renewal 3. repair of injuries 4. asexual reproduction

Fertilization _____.

1. is a sexual reproduction process 2. is the union of egg and sperm 3. occurs with two haploid gametes

In mitosis, ______ parent cell(s) divide into _____ daughter cell(s).

1. one 2. two

Differentiated plant cells and tissues include _____.

1. parenchyma 2. phloem 3. xylem

The principal advantages of asexual reproduction are _____.

1. rapid rate 2. only one parent needed 3. genetically identical offspring

In many oogamous organisms, _______ are produced in larger numbers than _______ cells.

1. sperm 2. egg

What are disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

1. takes time and energy 2. requires a mate

A meiotic division produces _____ daughter cells.

4

_____ occurs when offspring arise as a contiguous outgrowth of the parent.

Budding

How does the cell differentiation process work?

Differentiation works by turning certain genes on and others off which creates specialized cells for specific functions.