Biology Unit 4 Questions
How do flowering plants reproduce by fertilization if they are immotile?
Insects and other organisms carry pollen to other flowers.
_____ is most common among terrestrial animals.
Internal fertilization
You are looking at a cell through a microscope and see that a tetrad has formed, which phase of meiosis is the cell in?
Prophase I
Meiosis is also referred to as _____.
a reduction of chromosomes
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by _____.
binary fission
This type of asexual reproduction occurs when a single celled organism divides into two organisms.
binary fission
During prophase, each pair of chromosomes is attached to each other by the _____.
centromere
Organisms that are asexually produced are more likely to _____.
develop diseases because they have little genetic variation
The reproduction of DNA during interphase begins with _____.
enzymes separating the DNA molecules
Most aquatic animals use _____.
external fertilization
When an organism of many cells breaks up into two or more parts and these parts survive to produce a new organism, reproduction occurs by _____.
fragmentation
The only haploid cells in an organism are _____.
gametes
The most significant characteristic of sexual reproduction is _____.
genetic variability
A generalized term for animal organs that produce sex cells is a _____.
gonad
Meiosis takes place in the _______ of most organisms.
gonads
what is the basic type of cell found in the simplest animals?
haploid
By what reproductive mechanism does a haploid animal grow?
initially by meiosis and then by mitosis
The cell conducts its normal functions during ______.
interphase
Gametes that are the same in size and shape is known as _____.
isogamy
Reproductive cells are created by _____.
meiosis
Sexual reproduction is associated with _____.
meiosis
The cell division process that only occurs in specific cells and at specific times is _____.
meiosis
The cell division process that produces daughter cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell is _____.
meiosis
The uniqueness of individual offspring for many animals and plants is the result of a process called _____.
meiosis
The phase during mitosis in which chromosomes move into the center of the cell is _____.
metaphase
Identical duplicates of the mother cell are created by _____.
mitosis
Which occurs more frequently, mitosis or meiosis?
mitosis
When a parent cell makes several nuclei and divides to make several daughter cells, it is called _____.
multiple fission
In multiple fission, a cell is produced that has multiple ________.
nuclei
Human gametes are _____.
oogamous
Gametes that are motile are often called _____.
sperm
These small motile gametes fertilize ovum.
sperm
Stem cells are important because _____.
they can differentiate into almost any other type of cell
When DNA is duplicated during mitosis, _____.
two completely new DNA molecules are formed
Fertilization occurs when _____.
two gametes come together and chromosomes combine
In plant cells, differentiation begins _____.
where elongation in the root stops
Most specialized cells remain in the _____ phase of the cell's life cycle.
G0
Asexual reproduction is based on a type of cell division known as _____.
mitosis
By what mechanism does a diploid animal grow after fertilization?
mitosis
During which phase are sister chromatids separated?
anaphase
When are the homologous pairs of chromosomes separated?
anaphase I
A condition in which the gametes are similar in shape but different in size is _____.
anisogamy
The replication of a parent cell or organism that results in a genetically identical offspring is known as _____.
asexual reproduction
Farmers looking to grow large quantities of food quickly would utilize plants that reproduce _____.
asexually
The genetic material appearing like a thread in the nucleus is known as _____.
chromatin
In some isogamous protists, the act of fertilization involves the transfer of genetic information. This function is called _____.
conjugation
The process by which isogamous organisms exchange genetic information during fertilization is called _____.
conjugation
The part of cell division that causes the separation of the cytoplasm is _____.
cytokinesis
The process of actual separation of cells at the end of mitosis is called _____.
cytokinesis
The maturation of a cell for a specific function is called _____.
differentiation
The process that creates specialized cells like blood cells, nerve cells, or bone cells, is called _____.
differentiation
After fertilization, an egg is _____.
diploid
Cells having matched pairs of chromosomes are _____.
diploid
In order to yield a ________ chromosome condition, only one sperm can fertilize one egg.
diploid
Most of the cells in the human body are _____.
diploid
What type of fertilization requires a great excess of egg and sperm gametes because most are wasted?
external fertilization
Which plant structure found in lower plants produces gametes?
gametangium
Gametes are normally _____.
haploid
What is the condition of having gametes of different sizes and shapes?
oogamy
The phase during mitosis in which DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is _____.
prophase
During what phase of meiosis does the DNA coil into visible chromosomes?
prophase I
Binary fission is the most common form of reproduction in _____.
protozoa
The fusing together of two gametes at fertilization is _____ reproduction.
sexual
Farmers cultivate many crops asexually because______.
the crops are the same as the previous crops
A fertilized egg cell is called a(n) _____.
zygote
Asexual reproduction produces _____.
a direct clone of the parent.
What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Disease and disorders are passed on.
Once an egg has been fertilized, _____.
1. a zygote is formed 2. a barrier to other sperm forms immediately
What are some of the ways organisms reproduce asexually?
1. budding 2. fission 3. fragmentation
Differentiated animal cells and tissues include _____.
1. cuboidal cells 2. columnar cells 3. bone cells 4. fat cells 5. neurons
The purposes of mitosis are _____.
1. growth of organisms 2. cell renewal 3. repair of injuries 4. asexual reproduction
Fertilization _____.
1. is a sexual reproduction process 2. is the union of egg and sperm 3. occurs with two haploid gametes
In mitosis, ______ parent cell(s) divide into _____ daughter cell(s).
1. one 2. two
Differentiated plant cells and tissues include _____.
1. parenchyma 2. phloem 3. xylem
The principal advantages of asexual reproduction are _____.
1. rapid rate 2. only one parent needed 3. genetically identical offspring
In many oogamous organisms, _______ are produced in larger numbers than _______ cells.
1. sperm 2. egg
What are disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
1. takes time and energy 2. requires a mate
A meiotic division produces _____ daughter cells.
4
_____ occurs when offspring arise as a contiguous outgrowth of the parent.
Budding
How does the cell differentiation process work?
Differentiation works by turning certain genes on and others off which creates specialized cells for specific functions.
