Biology Unit 7 - Animals
Where are marsupials mostly found?
Australia and surrounding islands
agnatha
jawless fish
anthropods
joint footed
Segmented worms with bodies are _____.
leeches
What structures do adult frogs have?
legs, lungs, three-chambered heart
Vertebrates always have an endoskeleton.
true
innate behavior
a behavior that an animal is born with
coelom
a body cavity that most animals possess
Which of the following takes place in water vascular system? Select all that apply.
carrying out of waste, maintaining a certain pressure, exchange of gases
chondrichthyes
cartilage fish
Which bite, millipedes or centipedes?
centipedes
The special appendages in arachnids that become fangs in spiders and pincers in scorpions are the _____.
chelicerae
A(n) ________________ is an animal with a backbone, whereas a(n) __________________ is an animal without a backbone.
vertebrate, invertebrate
What does amphibian mean?
double life
Which mammal does not give live birth?
duck-billed platypus
All the tissues and organs of most animals develop from three different types of embryonic cell layers. They are _________, ___________, and ____________.
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
Reptiles are ______________.
ectotherms
What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?
egg, larva, pupa, and adult
What are the three stages of incomplete metamorphosis?
egg, nymph, and adult
birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians
endoskeleton
What features do all vertebrates share?
endoskeletons, closed circulatory systems, complex brains and nervous systems, bilateral symmetry, very efficient respiratory systems
fragmentation
when a piece of a sponge breaks off and goes on to form a new sponge
spiders, grasshoppers, cockroaches
exoskeleton
The two types of skeletons are __________________ found on the outside of an animal, and ________________ found on the inside of an animal.
exoskeletons, endoskeletons
All invertebrates have an exoskeleton.
false
fins
fan-shaped membranes supported by rigid spines that help fish move, maintain balance, and steer
A hard, tubular, modified scale attach to the body that enables birds to fly and provides insulation is a _________.
feather
gills
feathery slits that take oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide as a waste gas
filter feeding
filtering water that passes to obtain small particles of food
What structures do tadpoles have?
fins, gills, two-chambered hearts
sessile
fixed in one place or immobile
The two types of animal behaviors are ________ and ________.
learned, innate
The three types of segmented worms are _________, __________, and _________.
polychaeta, leeches, earthworms
The two body forms of cnidarians are ____________, a tube-shaped mouth surrounded by tentacles, and ________________, an umbrella shape in which the tentacles hang down.
polyp, medusa
What respiratory organ is present in land gastropods?
primitive lungs
An animal with any type of symmetry is termed _____________ whereas an animal with no symmetry is called _________________.
symmetrical, asymmetrical
animal parts on opposite sides of a dividing line correspond in size, form, and arrangement
symmetry
vertebrate
an animal with a backbone
What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis? Select all that apply.
- In complete metamorphosis, the insect in larval and pupal stage looks different from the adult; in incomplete metamorphosis, the nymph stage resembles the adult insect. - Complete metamorphosis has four stages; incomplete has three. - Complete metamorphosis has larval and pupal stages; Incomplete has the nymph stage.
What characteristics do all birds share? Select all that apply.
- They are endotherms. - They have beaks. - They have front legs that have been modified into wings. - They have hind legs that they use for walking and perching. - They have feathers.
Jawless fish feed through:
- attaching themselves to their victims with their suckerlike mouths - sucking the blood of their prey - using their sharp teeth to tear through the flesh
Why do scientists think that echinoderms are the invertebrates that are most closely related to the vertebrates?
- because of echinoderms' deuterosome mouth development - because echinoderms have bilateral symmetry in the larval stage
How do snakes get their food? Select all that apply.
- by swallowing their prey whole - by wrapping themselves tightly around their prey - through their fangs with poison that paralyzes their prey
What classifies a life form as an insect? Select all that apply.
- three pairs of legs - one pair of antennae - a segmented body divided into three regions
Rearrange the process of circulation in a three-chambered heart in correct sequence by filling in 1 to 4.
1. One chamber contains oxygen rich blood from the lungs and skin, another chamber carries oxygen-poor blood from the body cells. 2. Blood from both of these chambers moves to the third chamber. 3. The third chamber pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body tissues. 4. The third chamber pumps the oxygen-poor blood back to the lungs and skin to be replenished.
How many species of spiders are actually poisonous to humans?
12
How many species of mammals are there?
5,500
How many legs do arachnids have?
8
What percent of all the animals do invertebrates make up?
90
What percent of mammals are placental?
95
How are animal cells different from plant cells?
Animal cells have no cell walls.
Why are mammal's teeth unique?
Different teeth are used for different tasks.
How do segments allow the worm to move?
Each segment has its own muscles that allow the lengthening or shortening of the body.
All birds fly.
False
Cnidarians have tissues and a complex nervous system.
False
In Cnidarians, medusas reproduce asexually to form polyps, then the polyps reproduce sexually through budding to form new medusas.
False
Reptiles are endotherms.
False
Reptiles reproduce with external fertilization.
False
Some birds are endotherms.
False
________ means stomach footed.
Gastropod
How does a two-chambered heart work?
One chamber pumps the deoxygenated blood from the cells to the second chamber that then pumps the blood through the gills where it picks up oxygen.
How do earthworms get oxygen?
They get oxygen when water in the dirt is able to diffuse into their body.
Birds do not have scales, they have feathers.
True
Parent reptiles provide little to no care for the hatchlings.
True
Reptiles have amniotic eggs.
True
Sponges don't have tissues, organs, or organ systems.
True
Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually.
True
What is a Portuguese man-of-war?
a colony of a species of cnidarians that work together as one organism
symmetry
a correspondence in the size, form, and arrangement of animal parts on opposite sides of a dividing line
medusa
a developmental stage in cnidarians in which their bodies are shaped like umbrellas and the tentacles hang down
polyp
a developmental stage in cnidarians in which they have a tube-shaped bodies with mouths surrounded by tentacles
blastula
a developmental stage of an embryo in which a single layer of cells is surrounded by a space filled with fluid
parthogenesis
a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an unfertilized egg
monotreme
a mammal that reproduces by laying eggs, but still has milk, hair, and teeth
marsupial
a mammal with a very short developmental period inside its mother's body, followed by a second developmental period inside a special pouch of the mother that is made of skin and hair
animal
a multicellular organism that is able to move to acquire other organisms for food, has a digestive system to break down food, and has sensory and nervous systems to detect and quickly respond to a stimulus
territory
a physical space that an animal will defend from another animal
exoskeleton
a skeleton on the outside of an animal
hibernation
a state in which an animal's breathing rate slows down to only a few breaths per minute and the body temperature drops substantially
appendage
a structure (such as an arm or a leg) that grows on the outside of the body
chordate
a structure that contains a long, semirigid structure called a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord (a bundle of nerves), a mouth, mouth gills, and muscle blocks
mantle
a thin membrane that surrounds the internal organs
cartilage
a tough, flexible, bonelike material
Which of these gastropods have a single shell?
abalones, snails, conches
The proliferation of bony fish is due to their being _____.
adaptable
The three classes of fish are ________, _________, and ________.
agnatha, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes
metamorphosis
all the stages (either 3 or 4) that an insect goes through when developing from egg to adult
invertebrate
an animal without a backbone
amniotic egg
an egg that has amniotic fluid that provides nourishment to a developing embryo and protects it
placenta
an organ that develops during a mammal's pregnancy to feed the growing embryo, pass along oxygen, and remove waste
hermaphrodite
an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs
behavior
anything an animal does as a response to a stimulus in its environment
sponges
asymmetry
The notochord goes on to develop the ___________ in vertebrates.
backbone
Why is it important for arthropods to molt?
because exoskeletons do not grow
baboons
bilateral
birds
bilateral
fishes
bilateral
flatworms
bilateral
humans
bilateral
monkey
bilateral
a cut down the center lengthwise of an organism will result in two mirror images
bilateral symmetry
Echinoderms have _______________ symmetry in the larval stage and ____________ symmetry as adults.
bilateral, radial
What are the five different types of vertebrates?
birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals
Animals have specialized cells: ______________ to carry oxygen, ________________ to feel sensation and carry information, and ____________________ to help them move around.
blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells
Most fish have _________ skeletons.
bony
osteichthyes
bony fish
spawning
breeding in fishes
Which of these are the traits of mammals? Select all that apply.
cool down, diaphragm, intelligence, milk
detritus
dead, decaying matter that drifts along the ocean floor
Which of these are not functions of tubular feet in echinoderms? Select all that apply.
detect light and touch, exchange gases, excrete wastes
Which of these are parasitic flatworms? Select all that apply.
flukes, tapeworms
Birds have a _______________-chambered heart and their hearts can beat anywhere from _____________ to _____________ per minute.
four, 150, 1000
What respiratory organ is present in marine gastropods?
gills
Which of these are agnathans?
hagfishes, lampreys
budding
happens when a bud is formed on the outside of a sponge
bones
hard, living, mineralized tissues that most vertebrates possess
Earthworms are ___________, which means that they have male and female functions.
hermaphrodites
Obtaining energy from eating other organisms refers to animals being _____.
heterotrophic
Many segments are _______________ while some are ______________, such as a segment for digestion and a segment for reproduction.
identical, specialized
Invertebrates show mostly _______________ behavior, while vertebrates show mostly ___________________ behavior.
innate, learned
Mammals utilize __________ fertilization.
internal
Which of these are not cartilage fish?
lamprey, salamanders, frogs, hagfishes
They are located more directly under the body, which allows them to walk and run with greater ease on land.
legs
Which of these are reptiles? Select all that apply.
lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, alligators, crocodiles, dinosaurs
The three classes of mammals are ____________, ____________, and ____________.
marsupials, placental, monotremes
Some simpler animals lack what type of embryonic tissue?
mesoderm
All of the following are types of innate behavior except _____.
motivation
Which of these are learned behaviors? Select all that apply.
motivation, habituation, trial and error
Echinoderms lack a head and brain, but still have a simple ___________ system.
nervous
asymmetry
no symmetry
What type of symmetry do sponges have?
none; they are asymmetrical
Sponges are hermaphrodites, which means _____.
one sponge produces both female and male reproductive functions.
Which of these are the characteristics of a typical polychaete?
ornate, found in the ocean, brightly colored, can do regeneration
What do skeletons provide for animals?
place for muscles to attach, protection
Cnidarian is a Greek word meaning _____.
plant with stinging hairs
What type of symmetry do cnidarians have?
radial
starfish
radial
a cut through the organism or object in the center from any plane or direction will result in equal halves
radial symmetry
When birds inhale, air enters sacs around the lungs. When air is exhaled, it travels in tubes called alveoli through the lung. This shows how the _________ system of birds works.
respiratory
Its purpose is to retain moisture and provide protection from predators.
scales
Which of these is/are bivalve mollusks?
scallops, oysters, clams
The following are crustaceans except _____.
scorpions
Which type of cnidarians only have the polyp form?
sea anemones, corals
Which invertebrate chordate loses some of its chordate features in adulthood?
sea squirts
Which of these are invertebrate chordates? Select all that apply.
sea squirts, lancelets
Segmented worms have _____.
segments
Most arthropods reproduce _____________ with separate males and females.
sexually
Most fish reproduce __________________ with ______________ fertilization.
sexually, external
endoskeleton
skeleton on the inside of an animal
stimulus
something that energizes an organism or part to activity
Which of these are arachnids? Select all that apply.
spiders, mites, scorpions, ticks
Which of these are monotremes? Select all that apply.
spiny anteater, duck-billed platypus
Echinoderm means _________________.
spiny skin
The simplest animals are _______.
sponges
Which of these are echinoderms?
starfish, sea lilies, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
The proliferation of sharks is due to their having ______ and ________.
streamlined bodies, 20 rows of teeth
Leeches eat through _____.
sucking blood and other fluids from hosts
regeneration
the ability to grow new body parts when one or more get destroyed or damaged
instinct
the complex pattern of innate behavior
radial symmetry
the equal sections that results from a cut through an organism in the center from any plane or direction
migration
the movement of animals from one place to another, usually over a great distance
molting
the process of animals shedding their exoskeletons
bilateral symmetry
the two mirror images that result in a cut down the center lengthwise of an organism or object
scales
thin, bony plates that are formed from the skin
How do bivalves get their food?
through filter feeding
Why do animals need digestive systems?
to break down food and obtain the nutrients and the energy it contains
What are antennae used for?
to detect changes in the environment to communicate with other insects through pheromones
Which of these are roundworms? Select all that apply.
trichinella, pinworm, hookworms, nematodes
How many openings do roundworms have?
two
How many shells do bivalve mollusks have?
two