Biology Unit 7 - Animals

Where are marsupials mostly found?

Australia and surrounding islands

agnatha

jawless fish

anthropods

joint footed

Segmented worms with bodies are _____.

leeches

What structures do adult frogs have?

legs, lungs, three-chambered heart

Vertebrates always have an endoskeleton.

true

innate behavior

a behavior that an animal is born with

Which of the following takes place in water vascular system? Select all that apply.

carrying out of waste, maintaining a certain pressure, exchange of gases

chondrichthyes

cartilage fish

Which bite, millipedes or centipedes?

centipedes

The special appendages in arachnids that become fangs in spiders and pincers in scorpions are the _____.

chelicerae

A(n) ________________ is an animal with a backbone, whereas a(n) __________________ is an animal without a backbone.

vertebrate, invertebrate

What does amphibian mean?

double life

Which mammal does not give live birth?

duck-billed platypus

All the tissues and organs of most animals develop from three different types of embryonic cell layers. They are _________, ___________, and ____________.

ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Reptiles are ______________.

ectotherms

What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?

egg, larva, pupa, and adult

What features do all vertebrates share?

endoskeletons, closed circulatory systems, complex brains and nervous systems, bilateral symmetry, very efficient respiratory systems

spiders, grasshoppers, cockroaches

exoskeleton

All invertebrates have an exoskeleton.

false

fins

fan-shaped membranes supported by rigid spines that help fish move, maintain balance, and steer

A hard, tubular, modified scale attach to the body that enables birds to fly and provides insulation is a _________.

feather

gills

feathery slits that take oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide as a waste gas

filter feeding

filtering water that passes to obtain small particles of food

What structures do tadpoles have?

fins, gills, two-chambered hearts

The two types of animal behaviors are ________ and ________.

learned, innate

The three types of segmented worms are _________, __________, and _________.

polychaeta, leeches, earthworms

The two body forms of cnidarians are ____________, a tube-shaped mouth surrounded by tentacles, and ________________, an umbrella shape in which the tentacles hang down.

polyp, medusa

An animal with any type of symmetry is termed _____________ whereas an animal with no symmetry is called _________________.

symmetrical, asymmetrical

animal parts on opposite sides of a dividing line correspond in size, form, and arrangement

symmetry

What characteristics do all birds share? Select all that apply.

- They are endotherms. - They have beaks. - They have front legs that have been modified into wings. - They have hind legs that they use for walking and perching. - They have feathers.

Jawless fish feed through:

- attaching themselves to their victims with their suckerlike mouths - sucking the blood of their prey - using their sharp teeth to tear through the flesh

Why do scientists think that echinoderms are the invertebrates that are most closely related to the vertebrates?

- because of echinoderms' deuterosome mouth development - because echinoderms have bilateral symmetry in the larval stage

How do snakes get their food? Select all that apply.

- by swallowing their prey whole - by wrapping themselves tightly around their prey - through their fangs with poison that paralyzes their prey

Rearrange the process of circulation in a three-chambered heart in correct sequence by filling in 1 to 4.

1. One chamber contains oxygen rich blood from the lungs and skin, another chamber carries oxygen-poor blood from the body cells. 2. Blood from both of these chambers moves to the third chamber. 3. The third chamber pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body tissues. 4. The third chamber pumps the oxygen-poor blood back to the lungs and skin to be replenished.

How many species of spiders are actually poisonous to humans?

12

How many species of mammals are there?

5,500

How many legs do arachnids have?

8

What percent of mammals are placental?

95

Why are mammal's teeth unique?

Different teeth are used for different tasks.

How do segments allow the worm to move?

Each segment has its own muscles that allow the lengthening or shortening of the body.

All birds fly.

False

Reptiles are endotherms.

False

Reptiles reproduce with external fertilization.

False

Some birds are endotherms.

False

________ means stomach footed.

Gastropod

How does a two-chambered heart work?

One chamber pumps the deoxygenated blood from the cells to the second chamber that then pumps the blood through the gills where it picks up oxygen.

How do earthworms get oxygen?

They get oxygen when water in the dirt is able to diffuse into their body.

Birds do not have scales, they have feathers.

True

Parent reptiles provide little to no care for the hatchlings.

True

Reptiles have amniotic eggs.

True

Sponges don't have tissues, organs, or organ systems.

True

monotreme

a mammal that reproduces by laying eggs, but still has milk, hair, and teeth

marsupial

a mammal with a very short developmental period inside its mother's body, followed by a second developmental period inside a special pouch of the mother that is made of skin and hair

territory

a physical space that an animal will defend from another animal

chordate

a structure that contains a long, semirigid structure called a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord (a bundle of nerves), a mouth, mouth gills, and muscle blocks

cartilage

a tough, flexible, bonelike material

The proliferation of bony fish is due to their being _____.

adaptable

The three classes of fish are ________, _________, and ________.

agnatha, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes

invertebrate

an animal without a backbone

amniotic egg

an egg that has amniotic fluid that provides nourishment to a developing embryo and protects it

placenta

an organ that develops during a mammal's pregnancy to feed the growing embryo, pass along oxygen, and remove waste

hermaphrodite

an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs

The notochord goes on to develop the ___________ in vertebrates.

backbone

baboons

bilateral

Echinoderms have _______________ symmetry in the larval stage and ____________ symmetry as adults.

bilateral, radial

What are the five different types of vertebrates?

birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals

Most fish have _________ skeletons.

bony

osteichthyes

bony fish

spawning

breeding in fishes

Which of these are the traits of mammals? Select all that apply.

cool down, diaphragm, intelligence, milk

detritus

dead, decaying matter that drifts along the ocean floor

Which of these are not functions of tubular feet in echinoderms? Select all that apply.

detect light and touch, exchange gases, excrete wastes

Birds have a _______________-chambered heart and their hearts can beat anywhere from _____________ to _____________ per minute.

four, 150, 1000

Which of these are agnathans?

hagfishes, lampreys

bones

hard, living, mineralized tissues that most vertebrates possess

Many segments are _______________ while some are ______________, such as a segment for digestion and a segment for reproduction.

identical, specialized

Invertebrates show mostly _______________ behavior, while vertebrates show mostly ___________________ behavior.

innate, learned

Mammals utilize __________ fertilization.

internal

Which of these are not cartilage fish?

lamprey, salamanders, frogs, hagfishes

They are located more directly under the body, which allows them to walk and run with greater ease on land.

legs

Which of these are reptiles? Select all that apply.

lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, alligators, crocodiles, dinosaurs

The three classes of mammals are ____________, ____________, and ____________.

marsupials, placental, monotremes

Some simpler animals lack what type of embryonic tissue?

mesoderm

Echinoderms lack a head and brain, but still have a simple ___________ system.

nervous

What type of symmetry do cnidarians have?

radial

When birds inhale, air enters sacs around the lungs. When air is exhaled, it travels in tubes called alveoli through the lung. This shows how the _________ system of birds works.

respiratory

Its purpose is to retain moisture and provide protection from predators.

scales

The following are crustaceans except _____.

scorpions

Which invertebrate chordate loses some of its chordate features in adulthood?

sea squirts

Which of these are invertebrate chordates? Select all that apply.

sea squirts, lancelets

Most fish reproduce __________________ with ______________ fertilization.

sexually, external

endoskeleton

skeleton on the inside of an animal

Which of these are arachnids? Select all that apply.

spiders, mites, scorpions, ticks

Which of these are monotremes? Select all that apply.

spiny anteater, duck-billed platypus

Echinoderm means _________________.

spiny skin

Which of these are echinoderms?

starfish, sea lilies, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

The proliferation of sharks is due to their having ______ and ________.

streamlined bodies, 20 rows of teeth

scales

thin, bony plates that are formed from the skin

What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis? Select all that apply.

- In complete metamorphosis, the insect in larval and pupal stage looks different from the adult; in incomplete metamorphosis, the nymph stage resembles the adult insect. - Complete metamorphosis has four stages; incomplete has three. - Complete metamorphosis has larval and pupal stages; Incomplete has the nymph stage.

What classifies a life form as an insect? Select all that apply.

- three pairs of legs - one pair of antennae - a segmented body divided into three regions

What percent of all the animals do invertebrates make up?

90

How are animal cells different from plant cells?

Animal cells have no cell walls.

Cnidarians have tissues and a complex nervous system.

False

In Cnidarians, medusas reproduce asexually to form polyps, then the polyps reproduce sexually through budding to form new medusas.

False

Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually.

True

coelom

a body cavity that most animals possess

What is a Portuguese man-of-war?

a colony of a species of cnidarians that work together as one organism

symmetry

a correspondence in the size, form, and arrangement of animal parts on opposite sides of a dividing line

medusa

a developmental stage in cnidarians in which their bodies are shaped like umbrellas and the tentacles hang down

polyp

a developmental stage in cnidarians in which they have a tube-shaped bodies with mouths surrounded by tentacles

blastula

a developmental stage of an embryo in which a single layer of cells is surrounded by a space filled with fluid

parthogenesis

a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an unfertilized egg

animal

a multicellular organism that is able to move to acquire other organisms for food, has a digestive system to break down food, and has sensory and nervous systems to detect and quickly respond to a stimulus

exoskeleton

a skeleton on the outside of an animal

hibernation

a state in which an animal's breathing rate slows down to only a few breaths per minute and the body temperature drops substantially

appendage

a structure (such as an arm or a leg) that grows on the outside of the body

mantle

a thin membrane that surrounds the internal organs

Which of these gastropods have a single shell?

abalones, snails, conches

metamorphosis

all the stages (either 3 or 4) that an insect goes through when developing from egg to adult

vertebrate

an animal with a backbone

behavior

anything an animal does as a response to a stimulus in its environment

sponges

asymmetry

Why is it important for arthropods to molt?

because exoskeletons do not grow

birds

bilateral

fishes

bilateral

flatworms

bilateral

humans

bilateral

monkey

bilateral

a cut down the center lengthwise of an organism will result in two mirror images

bilateral symmetry

Animals have specialized cells: ______________ to carry oxygen, ________________ to feel sensation and carry information, and ____________________ to help them move around.

blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells

What are the three stages of incomplete metamorphosis?

egg, nymph, and adult

birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians

endoskeleton

The two types of skeletons are __________________ found on the outside of an animal, and ________________ found on the inside of an animal.

exoskeletons, endoskeletons

sessile

fixed in one place or immobile

Which of these are parasitic flatworms? Select all that apply.

flukes, tapeworms

What respiratory organ is present in marine gastropods?

gills

budding

happens when a bud is formed on the outside of a sponge

Earthworms are ___________, which means that they have male and female functions.

hermaphrodites

Obtaining energy from eating other organisms refers to animals being _____.

heterotrophic

All of the following are types of innate behavior except _____.

motivation

Which of these are learned behaviors? Select all that apply.

motivation, habituation, trial and error

asymmetry

no symmetry

What type of symmetry do sponges have?

none; they are asymmetrical

Sponges are hermaphrodites, which means _____.

one sponge produces both female and male reproductive functions.

Which of these are the characteristics of a typical polychaete?

ornate, found in the ocean, brightly colored, can do regeneration

What do skeletons provide for animals?

place for muscles to attach, protection

Cnidarian is a Greek word meaning _____.

plant with stinging hairs

What respiratory organ is present in land gastropods?

primitive lungs

starfish

radial

a cut through the organism or object in the center from any plane or direction will result in equal halves

radial symmetry

Which of these is/are bivalve mollusks?

scallops, oysters, clams

Which type of cnidarians only have the polyp form?

sea anemones, corals

Segmented worms have _____.

segments

Most arthropods reproduce _____________ with separate males and females.

sexually

stimulus

something that energizes an organism or part to activity

The simplest animals are _______.

sponges

Leeches eat through _____.

sucking blood and other fluids from hosts

regeneration

the ability to grow new body parts when one or more get destroyed or damaged

instinct

the complex pattern of innate behavior

radial symmetry

the equal sections that results from a cut through an organism in the center from any plane or direction

migration

the movement of animals from one place to another, usually over a great distance

molting

the process of animals shedding their exoskeletons

bilateral symmetry

the two mirror images that result in a cut down the center lengthwise of an organism or object

How do bivalves get their food?

through filter feeding

Why do animals need digestive systems?

to break down food and obtain the nutrients and the energy it contains

What are antennae used for?

to detect changes in the environment to communicate with other insects through pheromones

Which of these are roundworms? Select all that apply.

trichinella, pinworm, hookworms, nematodes

How many openings do roundworms have?

two

How many shells do bivalve mollusks have?

two

fragmentation

when a piece of a sponge breaks off and goes on to form a new sponge