Biology

Describe an example of how non-human living organisms participate in the water cycle. List the name of the organism, the step of the cycle it is involved in, and what it does specifically in that step

All organisms like dogs release water when breaking down food.

Describe an example of how humans can negatively impact each of the cycles. Note: You should have 3 examples, 1 per cycle.

An example of how humans can negatively impact the water cycle is thought deforestation. Humans can impact the carbon cycle through combustion. Humans can affect the nitrogen cycle through the fertilizer we use.

Number of organisms per space

Animal/land space

Limiting factors - biotic and abiotic

Aspect of the environment that limits the size of a population Biotic - living Ex. Predation, competition, disease Abiotic - nonliving Ex. Climate, natural disasters.

Nitrogen fixation is carried out mainly by ______

Bacteria

Describe an example of how non-human living organisms participate in the nitrogen cycle. List the name of the organism, the step of the cycle it is involved in, and what it does specifically in that step

Bacteria can break down the nitrogen into different forms.

Density - dependent

Bigger impact on more sense populations can be triggered by increase in pop. (Crowding)

Overview or the carbon cycle

Car in us the basis of all organic molecules amd found in a variety of chemical forms unlike water which is always H2O

Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by ______

Combustion and cellular respiration by consumers

Describe an example of how non-human living organisms participate in the carbon cycle. List the name of the organism, the step of the cycle it is involved in, and what it does specifically in that step

Decomposes participate in the carbon cycle when the break down the dead minerals and return them back to the soil.

In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria that replenish the atmosphere with N2 are _______

Denitrifying bacteria

List the levels of classification taxonomists use to organize life

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > order > family > genus > species.

List and define the levels of ecological organization beginning with organisms.

Organism - individual number of species, Population - multiple organisms of the same species living together. Community - multiple populations of different species living together, ecosystem - community PLUS all of the abiotic factors in the environment. Biome - several ecosystems that share similar characteristics such as amount of annual precipitation, sunlight etc,,, but are in different parts of the planet. Biosphere - all biotic and abiotic things on the plant. The zone of life on earth encompassing all Earth's ecosystems

Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

The difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is sexual reproduction 2 parents produce genetically unique offspring together and asexual offspring is 1 parent produced genetically identical offspring.

What factors contribute to both high and low population density

The factors that contribute to both high and low population density are, birth, immigration, low population density death, emigration.

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT ______

Transpiration

Which of the following steps of the water cycle is the only step that has to have living organisms in order to happen?

Transpiration

List the characteristics of life

be composed of one (unicellular) of more cells (multicellular), Contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. Bee capable of growth (develop and becoming larger) Be capable of reproduction (producing offspring) Demonstrate the ability to respond to outside stimuli (cause) Stimulus - a change in an organism's environment (effect) As a population, be able to adopt to the environment and envolve Have a metabolism, meaning both consume energy and produce waste Metabolism - sum of all chemical processes in the cell.

Explain the difference between stimulus and response and give an example of each

A stimulus is a change in an organism's environment (effect) (sun shining on sunflowers.) and a response is how that organism responds to the change. Ex. The flowers are moving with the sun.

What is a limiting factor? Give an example

A limiting factor is the aspect of the environment that limits the size of a population. Biotic - living, abiotic - nonliving.

Overview of ecology

Ecology is the study of relationships. Between two organisms Between an organism and its environment

Which of the following is not an example of a biological process in a biogeochemical cycle?

Erosion

Explain the difference between logistical and exponential population growth

Exponential growth is growth without limits. Logistic growth is when the population grows quickly at first then levels off (every other population in nature except humans)

Population dispersion

Random, uniform, clumped

Density - independent

Regulates pop growth regardless of size or density Every species in an ecosystem is affected the same

The nitrogen cycle main stages

Nitrogen fixation - bacteria (or lightning) in the soil or water convert nitrogen (from the air or water into forms that plants can us Consumption - one organism eats another and obtains the nitrogen in it. Decomposition - decomposers like Bactria break down dead matter, returning nutrients to the je worthless space Ammonification - bacteria convert nitrogen from waste (unlined and feces) into ammonia Nitrification - bacteria convert nitrogen in ninja into nitrates and nitrites to be absorbed by plants in their roots. Denitrification - bacteria convert nitrogen in ammonia to N2 so it can go back into the atmosphere

Carbon cycle main stages

Photosynthesis - plants capture CO2 from the atmosphere and use it to make sugar Cellular respiration - CO2 released into atmosphere as waste from metabolism Consumption - one organism eats another for carbon Decomposition - decomposers break down carbon from dead organisms, recycling it in the soil Fossilization - converts carbon from once-living organisms into fossil rides through intense heat Combustion - CO2 released into atmosphere from burning.

Main stages of the water cycle

Precipitation: water falls to earth as a liquid Infiltration - some water seeps underground from the surface of the earth Aquifer - an underground layer of preamble rock that can hold water Runoff - liquid water that isn't infiltrated runs alone the surface and collects in bodies of water Evaporation - sun heats liquid water to vapor ame ir rises to the atmosphere Transpiration - water vapor from plants rises to the atmosphere Condensation - water vapor cools to form clouds.

What are the survivorship curves

The type one survivorship curve is, late loss, few offspring, lots of parental intervention. Living a long time then they die. Humans are an example. Curve type two is a constant loss mortality is not affected by age. Birds, rodents are examples. Curve type three is early loss, lots of offspring no parental care. Fish, spiders, and many offspring die right away.