Biology
Describe an example of how non-human living organisms participate in the water cycle. List the name of the organism, the step of the cycle it is involved in, and what it does specifically in that step
All organisms like dogs release water when breaking down food.
Describe an example of how humans can negatively impact each of the cycles. Note: You should have 3 examples, 1 per cycle.
An example of how humans can negatively impact the water cycle is thought deforestation. Humans can impact the carbon cycle through combustion. Humans can affect the nitrogen cycle through the fertilizer we use.
Number of organisms per space
Animal/land space
Limiting factors - biotic and abiotic
Aspect of the environment that limits the size of a population Biotic - living Ex. Predation, competition, disease Abiotic - nonliving Ex. Climate, natural disasters.
Nitrogen fixation is carried out mainly by ______
Bacteria
Describe an example of how non-human living organisms participate in the nitrogen cycle. List the name of the organism, the step of the cycle it is involved in, and what it does specifically in that step
Bacteria can break down the nitrogen into different forms.
Density - dependent
Bigger impact on more sense populations can be triggered by increase in pop. (Crowding)
Overview or the carbon cycle
Car in us the basis of all organic molecules amd found in a variety of chemical forms unlike water which is always H2O
Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by ______
Combustion and cellular respiration by consumers
Describe an example of how non-human living organisms participate in the carbon cycle. List the name of the organism, the step of the cycle it is involved in, and what it does specifically in that step
Decomposes participate in the carbon cycle when the break down the dead minerals and return them back to the soil.
In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria that replenish the atmosphere with N2 are _______
Denitrifying bacteria
List the levels of classification taxonomists use to organize life
Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > order > family > genus > species.
List and define the levels of ecological organization beginning with organisms.
Organism - individual number of species, Population - multiple organisms of the same species living together. Community - multiple populations of different species living together, ecosystem - community PLUS all of the abiotic factors in the environment. Biome - several ecosystems that share similar characteristics such as amount of annual precipitation, sunlight etc,,, but are in different parts of the planet. Biosphere - all biotic and abiotic things on the plant. The zone of life on earth encompassing all Earth's ecosystems
Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction
The difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is sexual reproduction 2 parents produce genetically unique offspring together and asexual offspring is 1 parent produced genetically identical offspring.
What factors contribute to both high and low population density
The factors that contribute to both high and low population density are, birth, immigration, low population density death, emigration.
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT ______
Transpiration
Which of the following steps of the water cycle is the only step that has to have living organisms in order to happen?
Transpiration
List the characteristics of life
be composed of one (unicellular) of more cells (multicellular), Contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. Bee capable of growth (develop and becoming larger) Be capable of reproduction (producing offspring) Demonstrate the ability to respond to outside stimuli (cause) Stimulus - a change in an organism's environment (effect) As a population, be able to adopt to the environment and envolve Have a metabolism, meaning both consume energy and produce waste Metabolism - sum of all chemical processes in the cell.
Explain the difference between stimulus and response and give an example of each
A stimulus is a change in an organism's environment (effect) (sun shining on sunflowers.) and a response is how that organism responds to the change. Ex. The flowers are moving with the sun.
What is a limiting factor? Give an example
A limiting factor is the aspect of the environment that limits the size of a population. Biotic - living, abiotic - nonliving.
Overview of ecology
Ecology is the study of relationships. Between two organisms Between an organism and its environment
Which of the following is not an example of a biological process in a biogeochemical cycle?
Erosion
Explain the difference between logistical and exponential population growth
Exponential growth is growth without limits. Logistic growth is when the population grows quickly at first then levels off (every other population in nature except humans)
Population dispersion
Random, uniform, clumped
Density - independent
Regulates pop growth regardless of size or density Every species in an ecosystem is affected the same
The nitrogen cycle main stages
Nitrogen fixation - bacteria (or lightning) in the soil or water convert nitrogen (from the air or water into forms that plants can us Consumption - one organism eats another and obtains the nitrogen in it. Decomposition - decomposers like Bactria break down dead matter, returning nutrients to the je worthless space Ammonification - bacteria convert nitrogen from waste (unlined and feces) into ammonia Nitrification - bacteria convert nitrogen in ninja into nitrates and nitrites to be absorbed by plants in their roots. Denitrification - bacteria convert nitrogen in ammonia to N2 so it can go back into the atmosphere
Carbon cycle main stages
Photosynthesis - plants capture CO2 from the atmosphere and use it to make sugar Cellular respiration - CO2 released into atmosphere as waste from metabolism Consumption - one organism eats another for carbon Decomposition - decomposers break down carbon from dead organisms, recycling it in the soil Fossilization - converts carbon from once-living organisms into fossil rides through intense heat Combustion - CO2 released into atmosphere from burning.
Main stages of the water cycle
Precipitation: water falls to earth as a liquid Infiltration - some water seeps underground from the surface of the earth Aquifer - an underground layer of preamble rock that can hold water Runoff - liquid water that isn't infiltrated runs alone the surface and collects in bodies of water Evaporation - sun heats liquid water to vapor ame ir rises to the atmosphere Transpiration - water vapor from plants rises to the atmosphere Condensation - water vapor cools to form clouds.
What are the survivorship curves
The type one survivorship curve is, late loss, few offspring, lots of parental intervention. Living a long time then they die. Humans are an example. Curve type two is a constant loss mortality is not affected by age. Birds, rodents are examples. Curve type three is early loss, lots of offspring no parental care. Fish, spiders, and many offspring die right away.