BIOMED 1.2 study guide

Given the DNA strand GAATTCCTCGAG, what would be the complementary strand to make the double-stranded DNA?

CTTAAGGAGCAC if it has t its DNA, if its a U its RNA

According to Chargaff's Rule, if there are 58 thymine bases, there would be ____ adenine bases.

58 Adenine

What is a Restriction Enzyme and what does it do?

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions; acts as genetic scissors to cut DNA at a specific location

In a DNA isolation lab, what is the purpose of the DNA extraction buffer?

It contains detergent which contains fat which breaks down the cell membrane

Scientists are able to produce millions of copies of specific DNA sequences from a small amount of DNA through what process?

PCR

Describe how DNA differs from person to person?

The sequence of nucleotides differs from individual to individual creating a unique DNA profile for every person. Only identical twins have the same DNA profile.

What's DNA?

a molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

DNA is a very large molecule (a polymer) made up of a long chain of repeating sub-units called:

a polymer of nucleotides

What characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?

based on the the lenth in size

Name evidence found at Anna's crime scene that would contain DNA?

blood

Cytosine makes us 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. About what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be Adenine?

c=38 + g=38 100-76= 24 /2 12% A 12% T

In DNA profiling by gel electrophoresis, DNA is separated due to what properties?

due to size

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate the fragments of DNA. Describe the pattern in which DNA travels on the gel.

larger pieces will travel slower, smaller pieces will travel faster

In image 2, what is the part labeled x known as?

nucleotide

When running a gel electrophoresis, DNA will migrate towards the___________ end because DNA has a _________ charge

positive; negative

DNA is cut at specific nucleotide sequences by what type of enzyme?

restriction enzyme

What type of chemical bond is found between paired based on the DNA double helix?

the hydrogen bonds

What property of DNA causes it to migrate to the positive pole of the electrophoresis apparatus?

the negative charge on the sugar-phosphate group

According to Chargaff's base-pairing rule list the base pairs(and names) and tell whether they are purines or pyrimidines?

thymine- pyrimidines cytosine- pyrimidines Adenine- purines guanine- purines