Biomolecules Quiz

Give some examples of foods that contain carbohydrates

- milk - rice - corn - starches (bread, pasta, potatoes) - fruit (strawberries, bananas, blueberries, cherries, oranges)

Describe the basic function of lipids

- stores long term energy - functions in cellular membranes - protects cells -provides insulation/maintain body temperature

List four examples of lipids

1. Fats 2. Oils 3. Waxes 4. Steroids (cholesterol and hormones)

There are ____ different amino acids.

20

State how many amino acids there are and how many are essential (we have to eat them because our bodies cannot make them)

20 amino acids which are joined by peptide bonds, 9 of them are essentials

Describe cellulose and where it is found

A polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers that makes up plant cell walls and vegetable fibers; it is a type of sugar found in plants

Give some examples of foods that contain lipids

- Oils (found in any oil - olive oil, vegetable oil, canola oil) - Fats (whole milk, butter, avocado) - Sweets (ice cream) Not foods = (leaves, beeswax, cholesterol, hormones)

Describe the basic functions of carbohydrates

- fast, short term energy storage

List some general examples of carbohydrates

- glucose (blood sugar) - fructose (fruit sugar) - lactose (milk sugar) - sucrose (table sugar) - starch (bread) - glycogen (provides energy to muscles)

Give three examples of nucleic acids

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Explain what an enzyme is and what it does

Enzymes are compounds that speed up chemical reactions in and around cells "Biological catalyst" and does not get used up in reaction

T/F: An enzyme is fundamentally changed when it helps conduct chemical reactions within cells

False

T/F: We get nucleic acids by eating them

False

T/F: Enzymes are a type of lipid

False, they are a protein

Not an example of a lipid 1. Glucose 2. Wax 3. Steroids 4. Oils

Glucose

Poly means...

Many

Fructose is an example of a ____________sacccharide.

Mono

Give an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide

Mono - glucose (blood sugar) - fructose (fruit sugar) Di - sucrose (table sugar) - lactose (milk sugar) Poly - starch (bread) - glycogen (muscle)

The monomer that makes up a carbohydrate is

Monosaccharide

DNA is an example of a...

Nucleic acid

RNA is an example of a... 1. Carb 2. Lipid 3. Protein 4. Nucleic acid

Nucleic acid

Which biomolecule can be found inside the nucleus?

Nucleic acids

Describe one structural difference between DNA and RNA

DNA: double stranded, contains deoxyribose RNA: single stranded, contains ribose as sugar

Which biomolecule sometimes contains sulfur?

Protein

Which biomolecule contains oxygen?

All: Lipids, Carbs, Proteins, Nucleic acids

The monomer that makes up a protein is

Amino acid

__________ ___________ are the building blocks of proteins

Amino acids

Give some examples of foods that contain proteins

Animal sources (milk, meat, eggs, seafood) Plant sources (beans, nuts)

Which biomolecule is responsible for creating the rigid structure of plant cell walls?

Carbohydrates

Lipids are made up of which elements?

CHO (no ratio)

Carbs are made up of which elements

CHO (ratio is CH2O)

Proteins are made up of which elements?

CHON(S)

Nucleic acids are made up of which elements?

CHONP

Starch is an example of a... 1. Carb 2. Lipid 3. Protein 4. Nucleic acid

Carbohydrate

Organic molecules are called organic because they contain...

Carbon

Describe the basic structure of lipids (elements they are made of)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (no ratio)

Describe the basic structure of proteins (elements they are made of)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, (Sulfur)

Describe the basic structure of nucleic acids (elements they are made of)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (no ratio)

Describe the basic structure of carbohydrates (elements they are made of)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen; CH2O ratio (ex. Glucose C6 H12 O6)

Location of carbs

Cell membrane

Location of proteins

Cell membrane

Location of lipids

Cell membrane, membranes of other organelles (organized or specialized structures within a living cell)

Which nucleic acid stores all your genetic information?

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Describe the basic functions of each of the nucleic acids

DNA = stores and transmits genetic information, acts as a blueprint, "chills in the nucleus, can't do much from there, only stores" RNA = acts as messenger, carries protein blueprint from a cell's DNA to its ribosomes, "actually does something" ATP = carries/transports energy within cells, "literally is energy"

Location of nucleic acids

In and around nucleus, mitochondria, NOT cell membrane DNA = nucleus RNA = nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria ATP = mitochondria

Define polymer

Large molecule with many repeating parts or units; made up of monomers; carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Steroids are an example of a...

Lipid

Vegetable oil is an example of a...

Lipid

A type of this biomolecule makes up most of the cell membrane 1. Carbs 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids

Lipids

The monomer that makes up a nucleic acid is

Nucleotide

Nucleic acids are made of

Nucleotides

Mono means...

One

Explain the difference between an organic and an inorganic compound

Organic compounds have carbon, whereas inorganic compunds do not.

Describe where carbohydrates can be found in a cell

Outer surfaces of cell membranes, cell walls of plants (cellulose), "name tag" of cell that shows it is supposed to be in the organism

Meros means

Parts

Amino acids are linked together by which type of chemical bond

Peptide

Enzymes are a type of ______________ (which molecule)

Protein

Enzymes are a type of...

Protein

Fingernails are an example of a...

Protein

Describe the basic functions of proteins

Proteins are involved in nearly every function of the body - chemical reactions - cell structure - communication - grows and forms muscles

Sacchar means...

Sugar

Explain how monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide are different

The amount of sugars connected - monosaccharide = one sugar - disaccharide = two sugars - polysaccharide = many sugars

Describe where lipids can be found in a cell

They can be found in cellular membranes (make up the MAJORITY of the cell membrane)

T/F: DNA is a double stranded molecule

True

T/F: Nucleic acids are the only biomolecule to contain phosphorus

True

T/F: Starch is a polysaccharide

True

Di means...

Two

Which of the following is not organic? 1. Nucleic acids 2. Lipids 3. Water 4. Proteins 5. Carbohydrates

Water (no carbon)