Biomolecules Quiz
Give some examples of foods that contain carbohydrates
- milk - rice - corn - starches (bread, pasta, potatoes) - fruit (strawberries, bananas, blueberries, cherries, oranges)
Describe the basic function of lipids
- stores long term energy - functions in cellular membranes - protects cells -provides insulation/maintain body temperature
List four examples of lipids
1. Fats 2. Oils 3. Waxes 4. Steroids (cholesterol and hormones)
There are ____ different amino acids.
20
State how many amino acids there are and how many are essential (we have to eat them because our bodies cannot make them)
20 amino acids which are joined by peptide bonds, 9 of them are essentials
Describe cellulose and where it is found
A polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers that makes up plant cell walls and vegetable fibers; it is a type of sugar found in plants
Give some examples of foods that contain lipids
- Oils (found in any oil - olive oil, vegetable oil, canola oil) - Fats (whole milk, butter, avocado) - Sweets (ice cream) Not foods = (leaves, beeswax, cholesterol, hormones)
Describe the basic functions of carbohydrates
- fast, short term energy storage
List some general examples of carbohydrates
- glucose (blood sugar) - fructose (fruit sugar) - lactose (milk sugar) - sucrose (table sugar) - starch (bread) - glycogen (provides energy to muscles)
Give three examples of nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Explain what an enzyme is and what it does
Enzymes are compounds that speed up chemical reactions in and around cells "Biological catalyst" and does not get used up in reaction
T/F: An enzyme is fundamentally changed when it helps conduct chemical reactions within cells
False
T/F: We get nucleic acids by eating them
False
T/F: Enzymes are a type of lipid
False, they are a protein
Not an example of a lipid 1. Glucose 2. Wax 3. Steroids 4. Oils
Glucose
Poly means...
Many
Fructose is an example of a ____________sacccharide.
Mono
Give an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide
Mono - glucose (blood sugar) - fructose (fruit sugar) Di - sucrose (table sugar) - lactose (milk sugar) Poly - starch (bread) - glycogen (muscle)
The monomer that makes up a carbohydrate is
Monosaccharide
DNA is an example of a...
Nucleic acid
RNA is an example of a... 1. Carb 2. Lipid 3. Protein 4. Nucleic acid
Nucleic acid
Which biomolecule can be found inside the nucleus?
Nucleic acids
Describe one structural difference between DNA and RNA
DNA: double stranded, contains deoxyribose RNA: single stranded, contains ribose as sugar
Which biomolecule sometimes contains sulfur?
Protein
Which biomolecule contains oxygen?
All: Lipids, Carbs, Proteins, Nucleic acids
The monomer that makes up a protein is
Amino acid
__________ ___________ are the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Give some examples of foods that contain proteins
Animal sources (milk, meat, eggs, seafood) Plant sources (beans, nuts)
Which biomolecule is responsible for creating the rigid structure of plant cell walls?
Carbohydrates
Lipids are made up of which elements?
CHO (no ratio)
Carbs are made up of which elements
CHO (ratio is CH2O)
Proteins are made up of which elements?
CHON(S)
Nucleic acids are made up of which elements?
CHONP
Starch is an example of a... 1. Carb 2. Lipid 3. Protein 4. Nucleic acid
Carbohydrate
Organic molecules are called organic because they contain...
Carbon
Describe the basic structure of lipids (elements they are made of)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (no ratio)
Describe the basic structure of proteins (elements they are made of)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, (Sulfur)
Describe the basic structure of nucleic acids (elements they are made of)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (no ratio)
Describe the basic structure of carbohydrates (elements they are made of)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen; CH2O ratio (ex. Glucose C6 H12 O6)
Location of carbs
Cell membrane
Location of proteins
Cell membrane
Location of lipids
Cell membrane, membranes of other organelles (organized or specialized structures within a living cell)
Which nucleic acid stores all your genetic information?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Describe the basic functions of each of the nucleic acids
DNA = stores and transmits genetic information, acts as a blueprint, "chills in the nucleus, can't do much from there, only stores" RNA = acts as messenger, carries protein blueprint from a cell's DNA to its ribosomes, "actually does something" ATP = carries/transports energy within cells, "literally is energy"
Location of nucleic acids
In and around nucleus, mitochondria, NOT cell membrane DNA = nucleus RNA = nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria ATP = mitochondria
Define polymer
Large molecule with many repeating parts or units; made up of monomers; carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Steroids are an example of a...
Lipid
Vegetable oil is an example of a...
Lipid
A type of this biomolecule makes up most of the cell membrane 1. Carbs 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids
Lipids
The monomer that makes up a nucleic acid is
Nucleotide
Nucleic acids are made of
Nucleotides
Mono means...
One
Explain the difference between an organic and an inorganic compound
Organic compounds have carbon, whereas inorganic compunds do not.
Describe where carbohydrates can be found in a cell
Outer surfaces of cell membranes, cell walls of plants (cellulose), "name tag" of cell that shows it is supposed to be in the organism
Meros means
Parts
Amino acids are linked together by which type of chemical bond
Peptide
Enzymes are a type of ______________ (which molecule)
Protein
Enzymes are a type of...
Protein
Fingernails are an example of a...
Protein
Describe the basic functions of proteins
Proteins are involved in nearly every function of the body - chemical reactions - cell structure - communication - grows and forms muscles
Sacchar means...
Sugar
Explain how monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide are different
The amount of sugars connected - monosaccharide = one sugar - disaccharide = two sugars - polysaccharide = many sugars
Describe where lipids can be found in a cell
They can be found in cellular membranes (make up the MAJORITY of the cell membrane)
T/F: DNA is a double stranded molecule
True
T/F: Nucleic acids are the only biomolecule to contain phosphorus
True
T/F: Starch is a polysaccharide
True
Di means...
Two
Which of the following is not organic? 1. Nucleic acids 2. Lipids 3. Water 4. Proteins 5. Carbohydrates
Water (no carbon)
