Biopsychology

If Greg's mother has a cleft chin (genotype Bb) and his father does not (genotype bb), what are the chances that Greg has a cleft chin?

50%

Which of the following is the correct order of events describing the movement of an electrical charge through a neuron?

Dendrite, cell body, axon

________, which play a supportive role in the nervous system, vastly outnumber ________.

Glial cells; neurons

During action potential, positively charged ________ ions move inside the cell.

Sodium

Doctors want to take a closer look at a schizophrenic patient's brain to monitor the activity of neurotransmitters while she experiences hallucinations. First, they will give her an injection of a radioactive substance. Which technique will they use?

a positron emission scan (PET)

What is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals?

action potential

The experience and regulation of emotions is strongly connected to the ________ within the limbic system.

amydgala

Which type of brain imaging is especially helpful in the study of sleep disorders?

an electroencephalograph (EEG)

A psychologist who studies the interaction between hormones and behavior is called a

behavioral endocrinologist

________ study how the interaction of genes and the environment cause individual differences in behavior.

behavioral geneticists

Each of our 46 ________ have a sequence of DNA, made up of ________, which determine traits and physical characteristics.

chromosomes; genes

The input sites of neurons where signals are received from other neurons are known as

dendrites

One reason the nature-nurture debates continues is because it is

difficult to study because people cannot be assigned to various genetic and environmental conditions.

Damage to Broca's area may cause

difficulty speaking

The study of how the same genotype may lead to different phenotypes is known as

epigenetics

The biggest part of the brain, called the ________, contains the cerebral cortex, which is ________ in humans that other animals.

forebrain; larger

Stephen has a tumor in his brain and doctors want to assess what areas are impacted. They want a clear picture of the brain, but also want to see changes in the brain's blood flow. What imaging technique will they use?

functional MRI (fMRI)

Political attitudes, how much television people watch, and whether or not people get divorced are all influenced by

genetics.

The temporal lobe specializes in

hearing

A measure of the strength of the relationship between individual differences in a given trait and individual genetic differences is called the

heritability coefficient

Which of the following areas is NOT located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

hippocampus

The state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels is known as

homeostasis

The chemical substances that are secreted into the bloodstream by the endocrine system are known as

hormones

The ________ helps maintain the body's level of homeostasis and regulates things like body temperature and appetite.

hypothalamus

The pituitary gland, sometimes called the "master gland," carries out instructions from the ________.

hypothalamus

One reason smells often evoke memories is that the sense of smell

is routed through the limbic system.

Which of the following statements is true regarding lateralization?

language ability has different roles in each hemisphere.

People born with a high genetic risk for schizophrenia were ________ likely to develop schizophrenia if they were raised in a healthy family environment than if they were raised in a disturbed family environment.

less

The substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and reticular formation can all be found in the

midbrain

Which types of twins have the same DNA, and are valuable in studying the influence of environmental factors on genetics?

monozygotic

The study of "nature" in the nature-nurture debate is really a study of the ________ bases of behavior.

nature

During resting potential, before the electric charge is sent, the inside of a neuron has a ________ charge.

negative

After a stressful day at school and work, Kristen attends a yoga class. At the end of the class, Kristen lays quietly on her mat while paying close attention to her breathing. Her ________ nervous system is activated.

parasympathetic

Most traits are controlled by more than just one gene, meaning that they are

polygenic

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that

prevent unused neurotransmitters from being transported back to the neuron.

Drugs designed to restore neurotransmitter balance in the brain are known as

psychotropic medications

The idea that Sophia is born with high genetic potential for intelligence that determines the boundaries of her intelligence, but that her environment interacts with those genes to determine wherein her intelligence falls within those bounds is known as

range of reaction

Agonists and antagonists mimic or impede neurotransmitters by binding to ________.

receptors

The ________ is involved in regulating the sleep/wake cycle and plays an important role in arousal and alertness.

reticular formation

The longitudinal fissure

separates the brain into two halves.

Conscious and voluntary movements are associated with the ________ nervous system.

somatic

The peripheral nervous system is composed of the

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Devin processes the pain of a fresh paper cut on his finger in the

somatosensory cortex

Physiological changes such as those activated when Sarah hears spooky sounds while she's out for a run (her pupils dilate, her heart rate and blood pressure increase, etc.) are known as

the fight-or-flight response.

Where is the primary visual cortex housed?

the occipital lobe

Phineas Gage's accident revealed that

there is a relationship between the frontal lobes, limbic system, and impulse control.

What happens to testosterone levels of those who lose chess tournaments?

they fall

Structures that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine and aid in movement are the substantia nigra and the ________, both found in the midbrain.

ventral tegmental area