Bios 214 Exam 3
Which of the following are openings into the nasopharynx? 1. auditory tube 2. fauces 3. internal naris 4. external naris 5. nasolacrimal duct
1,3
Which of the following cutaneous receptors are responsible for fine touch? 1. type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors 2. end organs of Ruffini 3. type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors 4. corpuscles of touch (Meissner's)
1,4
Identify the correct order of smooth muscle layers in the stomach from innermost to outermost 1. circular 2. oblique 3. longitudinal
2,1,3
Which of the following features of the lungs face(s) the heart? 1. coastal surface 2. hilus 3. base 4. mediastinal surface
2,4
In what order to the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted? 1. stapes 2. tympanic membrane 3. oval window 4. incus 5. malleus
2,5,4,1,3
How many deciduous teeth does a person normally have?
20
What is the life span of epithelial cells in the lining of the stomach?
3 to 6 days
Place the following in the correct order, as found in the muscular layer of the stomach, from outermost to innermost: 1) oblique layer 2) circular layer 3) longitudinal layer
3,2,1
Place the following in the correct order for the transmission of olfactory information that results in odor perception 1. olfactory bulbs 2. olfactory tract 3. temporal cortex 4. olfactory nerves 5. frontal cortex
4,1,2,3,5
Which of the primary actions of the digestive system listed below would be defective if a person is getting sufficient quantities and types of food to eat, but is still diagnosed as being extremely malnourished?
Absorption
Select the best description for the sebaceous ciliary glands:
At the base of the follicles of the eyelashes
These cells undergo mitosis and replace the olfactory receptors
Basal cells
Gastric regurgitation would indicate that this muscle had relaxed.
Cardiac sphincter
The partially digested fluid that passes form the stomach into the small intestine is
Chyme
Select the best description for the filiform papillae:
Contain no tastebuds
Structures that unite to form the common bile duct include
Cystic duct, common hepatic duct
Bile helps accomplish which of the following? 1. chemical (enzymatic) breakdown of protein 2. emulsification 3. protection of the gastric lining 4. maintenance of an alkaline pH in the duodenum
Emulsification
What structure flaps over the glottis when a person swallows food or drink?
Epiglottis
What is the mechanism that permits a beer drinker to participate in a belching contest.
Expulsion of gas from the cardiac region of the stomach through the weakly constricting esophageal sphincter
Advancing a gastric tube from the oral cavity to the oropharynx requires passing through the
Fauces
These papillae do not have taste buds
Filiform
Which of the following does not form part of the nasal septum?
Inferior nasal conchae
Which of the following is a function of the stomach?
It churns food into a paste by mechanical means
Which of the following is not true of the trachea?
It is a tubular passageway, posterior to the esophagus.
Which of the following statements about the duodenum is not true?
It is longer than the jejunum
Which of the following do not apply to the entire small intestine?
It is retroperitoneal
Select the best description for the circumvallate papillae
Largest type, all contain taste buds
The tensor tympani attaches onto the
Malleus
Which of the following is an anatomical feature of the small intestine that serves to increase the surface area for digestion and absorption
Microvilli
Antacid tablets (e.g. TUMS, ROLAIDS) are used to help neutralize the acidity of gastric contents. What cells are responsible for this acidity?
Parietal
Which muscle(s) contract(s) during forced expiration?
Rectus abdominus
Histologically, the epithelium of the alveoli includes which of the following structures?
Simple squamous epithelium (type I cells), septal or surfactant (type II cells), roaming macrophages
What aspect of hearing will be lost if the auditory cortex is damaged?
Sound interpretation and pattern recognition will be difficult or impossible.
The histology of this salivary gland shows the presence of approximately equal amounts of serous and mucous cells.
Submandibular gland
Select the best description for the lacrimal glands
Superior and lateral to the eyeball
How would damage or removal of parts of the mesentery interfere with normal function of the small intestine?
The blood and nerve supply would suffer interference
What is the hepatic flexure?
The boundary between the ascending and transverse colon
A premature baby born at 27 weeks gestation is suffering from respiratory distress syndrome. What is the cause?
The breath was not vigorous enough to pop open the alveoli
Which of these is the site of contact digestion?
The brush border of the small intestine
Why does the pupil look black?
The choroid and the retina have pigment
Which of the following statements about the cornea is true?
The connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular
The cranial nerve that innervates the most extrinsic eye muscles is
The oculomotor nerve
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs
Which of the following is primary responsible for the mechanism of equilibrium
The vestibular apparatus
All of these describe the vestibule in structure or position, or function accurately except
The vestibule surrounds the modiolus
Which of the following is true for olfactory hairs?
They are cilia of olfactory receptors
Which of the following is not true of the tracheal cartilage
They are formed by a complete hyaline cartilage ring
How do the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles affect the functions of the ear?
They dampen excessively loud sounds that could harm sensitive auditory hair cells
What is a function of parietal cells in the stomach?
They produce intrinsic factor
Which is not true of nasal conchae
They reduce turbulence inside the nasal cavity.
Taste buds of a young adult are located on the
Tongue and soft palate, Epiglottis of the larynx, Pharynx
Food with the largest proportion of ___ takes the longest to move out of the stomach
Triglycerides
This test is used to distinguish between sensorineural and conduction deafness
Weber's test
Which of the following is not true of the diaphragm?
When contracted, it decreases the vertical dimension of the abdominopelvic cavity
Tightening the vocal cords during sound production will result in
a higher pitch to the sound produced
The most superficial layer of the esophagus is the
adventatia
Which of the following do not contain cartilage?
alveolar ducts, respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
The portions of the respiratory system that are capable of gas exchange include
alveoli
The semicircular canals include which of the following?
anterior, posterior, lateral
What condition is stimulated by allergens and results in bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and difficulty in exhaling
asthma
What condition is stimulated by allergens and results in bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and difficulty in exhaling?
asthma
The falciform ligament
attaches the liver to the abdominal wall
Which of the following is not a type of general sensory receptor?
auditory receptor
Which of the following is not a feature of the external ear?
auditory tube
premolars are also called
bicuspids
When rods and cones are stimulated by light, they in turn stimulate which cells?
bipolar cells
Pleural fluid is secreted by
both visceral and parietal pleura
Sympathetic stimulation of the terminal bronchioles causes
bronchodilation
Each tertiary bronchus supplies a region of a lung called a
bronchopulmonary segment
Each tertiary bronchus supplies a region of a lung called a ___.
bronchopulmonary segment
What is the superior opening into the stomach?
cardiac orifice
The ___ is an internal feature of the lower respiratory tract located at the bifurcation of the trachea into bronchi
carina
Third-order neurons
carry nerve impulses to the primary somatosensory area in the postcentral gyrus
Opening above and below the ___ are the lacrimal puncta
caruncle
Each hepatic lobule consists of plates of epithelial cells radically arranged around a blood vessel called the ___.
central vein
Sensory nerve impulses may be integrated at all of the following levels of the CNS. Perception, however, occurs when sensory impulses reach which region?
cerebral cortex
LASIK will
change the shape of the cornea
Segmentation movements differ from those of peristalsis because segmentation movements
churn and mix the digestive tract contents but produce no net movement in a particular direction
Paralysis of the ___ muscles will prevent accommodation
ciliary
What kind of tissue lines most of the respiratory tract?
ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium
The fact that cone cells exhibit less neuronal convergence than rod cells do is part of the reason that
cone cells are responsible for high resolution images, but require bright light to function
The highly contagious bacterial infection known as "pinkeye" is caused by bacterial or viral irritation of the
conjunctiva
The epiglottis:
consists of a leaf-shaped piece of hyaline cartilage, is attached posteriorly to the thyroid cartilage, serves to route food and liquids into the esophagus
Lasik is used to improve vision. It is a surgical alteration of the
cornea
The LASIK procedure is a surgical intervention that typically changes the structure of the
cornea
We sense rotary movements of the head when the endolymph pushes on a gelatinous cap called the ___ in a semicircular duct.
cupula
The head of the pancreas is located closest to the
curve of the duodenum
Following is a list of some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which answer has them in correct order from lumen to external surface? a. muscularis externa b. muscularis mucosae c. serosa d. lamina propria e. submucosa
d,b,e,a,c
Peristalsis occurs during this initial phase of digestive activity
deglutition
Factors which protect the stomach from self-digestion include all of these except
desmosomes
The most important skeletal muscles involved in making normal, relaxed, respiratory movements include the
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
The principal muscles of inspiration are the ___ and ___.
diaphragm, external intercostals
What is the effect of sympathetic innervation to the lungs?
dilation of bronchioles
Bile secreted from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice secreted from the pancreas enter which portion of the GI tract?
duodenum
The first intestinal segment entered by materials that leave the stomach through the pylorus is the
duodenum
The semicircular ducts are filled with
endolymph
The cochlear duct is filled with ___ and the scala vestibuli is filled with ___.
endolymph; perilymph
Which of the following cell types secrete gastrin?
enteroendocrine cells
pain receptors respond to
extremes of temperature, mechanical injury, dissolved chemicals released by injured cells
The passageway between the oral cavity and the oropharynx is the
fauces
The primary function of the lens of the eye is to
focus the visual image on the retinal photoreceptors
What is likely to happen if the epiglottis fails to fold over the glottis during the act of swallowing food or liquid?
food or liquid may enter the trachea
Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?
ganglion cell
The ___ of the stomach are responsible for the production of gastric juice
gastric glands
the peritoneal fold situated as the "fatty apron" anterior to the small intestine is the ___.
greater omentum
The other special sense that contributes the most to olfactory perception is
gustation
Which of the following is not a proprioceptor
hair root plexus
A hepatic portal triad consists of branches of the
hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
a portal triad in the liver consists of branches of the
hepatic vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
The common opening of the pancreas and the liver into the stomach is the
hepato-pancreatic sphincter
Liver cells called ___ produce bile
hepatocytes
What is this terminal portion of the small intestine?
ileum
A person experiencing age-related macular degeneration will experience loss of vision
in the middle of their visual field
The Vasalva maneuver
increases pressure in the abdominal cavity and helps to expel abdominal contents
the vasalva maneuver
increases pressure in the abdominal cavity and helps to expel abdominal contents
The vestibular apparatus is located in the:
inner ear
the vestibular apparatus is located in the
inner ear
Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the eye?
intrinsic muscles
The floor of the internal nose
is also the hard palate
The pancreas
is both a digestive and endocrine organ
Which of the following statements are not true of the respiratory system?
it assists in regulation of hormone activation to control the rate of digestion
What is the function of the uvula?
it forms a seal between the oral cavity and the nasopharynx to prevent materials from entering the pharyngeal region prematurely
The base of the lung is:
just superior to the diaphragm, the inferior surface, concave
The gland that produces tears in the eye is called the
lacrimal
the layer of connective tissue underlying the epithelium of the mucosa of the GI tract is called the
lamina propria
The auditory tube
leads from the nasopharynx to the middle ear
The cardiac notch is a feature of the:
left lung
A cataract is a problem with the
lens
The condition ankyloglossia is associated with short or rigid
lingual frenulum
What are Peyer patches, and where are they located?
lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the ileum
The cell types of the respiratory epithelium include all of the following except
lymphocytes
The otolith is located in the ___ of the ___.
maculae, utricle and saccule
Mucus found on the surface of the olfactory epithelium:
makes it possible for odorant gases to react with the olfactory receptors is produced in increased amounts in response to stimulation by the facial VII nerves is produced by glands beneath the olfactory epithelium
The lacrimal sac is located
medial to the eye
The hilum of the lung is on its
mediastinal surface
The mesentery that suspends some of the large intestine is
mesocolon
Which of the following is a small intestine feature that increases surface area for digestion and absorption?
microvilli
As adults, the tooth type that is most common are the
molars
proportionally cones are found
most densely at the middle of the retina
The correct order of the digestive tube layers, from lumen outward, is
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Obstruction or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct will prevent draining of tears into the
nasal cavity
Vibrissae are
nasal guard hairs
Much of the filtration, warming, and humidification of the air that enters the respiratory system occurs in the
nasal passages
select the best description for the ceruminous gland
near the external opening of the external auditory canal
What are nerve endings that respond to tissue injury or noxious stimulation that produce sensations of pain?
nociceptors
Peristaltic contractions:
occur in the stomach, esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine
One unique feature about the sense of smell is
olfactory sensations do not synapse in the thalamus before going to the cerebral cortex
In order to examen the retina, this is usually used
opthalmoscope
The base of the stapes attaches to the
oval window
Functions of the greater omentum include
padding of the abdominal viscera, storage of fat
The accessory duct open into the duodenum and carries
pancreatic secretions
the tongue has many bumps called the
papillae
Circular muscles of the iris contract in response to stimulus received from the
parasympathetic nervous system
The middle ear is located in the
petrous portion of the temporal bone
Which of the following types of cells is the last to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?
photoreceptor cell
A condition that results from infection and causes the alveoli to fill with fluid is
pneumonia
The pneumotaxie center is located in the ___ and sends signals to the ___.
pons; inspiratory center of the medulla oblongata
Which of the following pairs of terms is incorrectly matched
proprioceptors; in walls of blood vessels
visceral pain that is sometimes felt in more superficial areas of the body is called
referred pain
The receptors for pain:
respond to any type of stimulus if it is of sufficient intensity, are free nerve endings called nociceptors, may be stimulated by chemicals released by injured tissues
The folds of the stomach are known as
rugae
A layer of dense connective tissue that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea is called
sclera
Glaucoma is a condition which may occur due to the malfunction of the
scleral venous sinus
The ___ is/are the first portion(s) of the respiratory tract to enter lung tissue
secondary bronchi
Sensory receptors found within the ampulla are located within the
semicircular canals
The most important function of the hard and soft palates is to
separate breathing and mastication functions to permit a person to breath while chewing
What aspect of laryngeal function would be impaired if the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages were damaged?
sound production would be impaired
Which of the following is primarily responsible for sensation of hearing?
spiral organ
Accessory respiratory muscles that become active when the depth and frequency of respiration must be increased markedly include the
sternocleidomastoid and scalenes (forced inhale), abdominal obliques and rectus abdominis (forced exhale)
The hormone cholecystokinin
stimulates secretion by the liver and an increase of pancreatic juice
Oblique musculature is only found in the ___ wall of the alimentary canal
stomach
The congenital condition of "crossed eyes" is also known as
strabiimus
the epithelium lining the lumen of the esophagus is
stratified squamous epithelium
The salivary glands whose ducts open on either side of the lingual frenulum are the
submandibular glands
the olfactory epithelium occupies the superior part of the
superior nasal conchae, nasal cavity, nasal septum
expansion and inflation of the lungs during inspiration is a result of
surface tension between the parietal and visceral pleura, atmospheric pressure, contraction of the main inspiratory muscles
The term general senses refers to sensations of
temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception
The semicircular ducts lie within
the auditory tube
Some of the structures that form the respiratory membrane include
the basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium, capillary walls
The scleral venous sinus is also known as
the canal of schlemm
The posterior limit of the nasal cavity is
the choanae
The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla directly controls the flow of bile between:
the common bile duct and the duodenum
The tragus is a structure located on
the ear lobe
Visual information from the retinas first arrives for processing at
the lateral geniculate nuclei
Kupffer cells are found in the sinusoids of
the liver
The right and left lobe of the liver are separated by
the mesentary proper
accommodation would occur when
the muscles of the ciliary body contract
These features of gomphosis help actively anchor a tooth to its socket
the periodontal ligament and the cementum
Sphincters located at the beginning and the end of the small intestine are, respectively
the pyloric sphincter and ileocecal valve
The largest of the following is: a) the corniculate cartilage b) the epiglottic cartilage c) the thyroid cartilage d) the cricoid cartilage e) the arytenoid cartilage
the thyroid cartilage
This structure separates the esophagus from the respiratory tract along their length
the tracheal muscle and ligament
Where are taste buds located?
the vallate papillae
The largest of the following is
thyroid cartilage
What structure corresponds to the "adam's apple"?
thyroid cartilage
Examples of receptors that are always active are
tonic receptors
Low frequency sounds generate stimuli in the Organ of Corti, most specifically
towards the apex (helicotrema) of the cochlea
The structure of the meatuses and conchae creates the appropriate conditions for
turbulent airflow that promotes warming and humidifying air prior to entering the lungs
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) stimulates
umami receptors
Otoliths are located in the
utricle
The structure attached to the soft palate that helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing is the ___.
uvula
When is costal breathing most likely to occur
while pregnant