BIS Exam 1 Questions
Differentiate between the five basic types of system units
1. Desktops a. System unit is in a separate case b. Tower Units c. All-in-Ones i. All components including monitor 2. Laptops a. Portable and much smaller i. Ultrabooks - laptop and tablet in one ii. Gaming - high end graphics 4. Tablets a. Mini tablet 5. Smartphone a. Most popular device - handheld computer 6. Wearables a. Contain embedded computers b. Extend the capabilities of cell phones
Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
1. People-end users 2. Procedures -rules and guidelines to follow when using software and/or hardware 3. Software -programs that consists of step-by-step instructions 4. Hardware -the equipment that processes data to create information 5. Data-raw unprocessed facts 6. Internet -Almost all information systems provide a way to connect to other people and computers expanding the capability and usefulness of information systems.
Describe Windows utility programs.
1. __File History • Can create a backup for your hard drive 2. ___Disk Cleanup • Identifies and eliminates non essential files 3. ___Disk Defragmenter • Rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize performance
Describe bus lines, bus widths, and expansion buses.
Bus Lines / Bus Connect parts of the CPU to each other and various other components on the system board Pathway for bits representing data and instructions Bus width Number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus Architecture and design are tied to the speed and power for the computer Two basic categories of buses System bus - connects CPU to memory Expansion bus - connects CPU to other components Expansion Buses Principle types: Universal Serial Bus (USB) Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus FireWire Primarily used to connect audio and video equipment to the system board PCI Express (PCIe) Single dedicated path for each connected device
Identify electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and security issues.
Business to Consumer (B2C)-Sale of product or service to general public Fastest growing type of e-commerce Three most widely used B2C applications: Online Banking, Financial trading, and Shopping Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)-Individual to Individual. Web auctions Business to Business B2B • Sale of a product or service from one business to another • Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship Security - Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure Provide a convenient way to submit buyer's information Two options- Credit card and Digital cash
Compare different Internet communications, including e-mail, text messaging, instant messaging, social networking, blogs, microblogs, webcasts, podcasts, and wikis.
CAN-SPAM Act-Created antispam laws for control Web logs or blogs Personal news pages Date/time-stamped Arranged with the most recent items shown first Microblogs Short status updates Most common is Twitter Tweets are Twitter messages Webcast Streaming technology for live broadcast of audio and video No files after streaming ends
Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of clients, Internet, and service providers.
Cloud Computing • Shifts computing activities from users' computers to computers on the Internet. • Frees end-users from owning, maintaining, and storing software programs and data • Three basic components: Clients (end-users) Service providers The Internet
Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files.
Data is raw, unprocessed facts 1. Document files - created by word processors that include memos, term papers, and letters 2. Worksheet files- created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets 3. Database Files- created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data 4. Presentation Files - created by presentation graphics programs that may contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides
Describe word processors, spreadsheets, presentation programs, and database management systems.
Database Management Systems (DBMS) A collection of related data Electronic equivalent of a file cabinet Two most widely used systems
Explain expansion slots and cards
Expansion Slots and Cards Expands your system's capabilities Graphics card for high quality 3D graphics Network interface cards (NIC) connect devices to networks via cables Wireless network cards connect devices to networks without cables SD cards Expansion cards for mobile devices
Identify general-purpose applications.
General Purpose Applications • Word processor programs • Spreadsheet programs • Presentation graphics programs • Database management systems
Describe graphics programs, web authoring programs, and other specialized professional applications.
Graphics Programs Widely used in graphic arts Types of graphics programs are: Desktop Publishing Programs Also known as Page Layout Programs Mix text and graphics to create brochures, newsletters, newspapers and textbooks Popular programs: Adobe InDesign Microsoft Publisher QuarkXPress Image Editors Also known as Photo Editors Editing or modifying digital photographs Photographs consist of thousands of pixels that form images knows as bitmaps Popular image editors Adobe Photoshop Corel PaintShop Pro GIMP (GNU Manipulation Program) Windows Live Photo Gallery Illustration Programs Drawing Programs Create and edit vector images Vector illustrations Geometric shapes or objects Created by connecting lines and curves Defined by mathematical equations Popular Illustration Programs Adobe Illustrator CorelDraw Inkscape Video Editors Edit videos to enhance quality and appearance Can now use your smartphone to edit videos Well-known programs Windows Live Movie Maker Apple iMovie YouTube Video Editor Video Game Design Software Video Game Design Software helps Organize thoughts Guide user through game design process Character development Environmental design Free / inexpensive video game design software YoYo GameMaker Stencyl Unity Web Authoring Programs Web authoring is the creation of a site Document file displaying website's content Blog Web Authoring Programs Typically used to create commercial sites Web page editors or HTML editors WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) Most widely used programs Adobe Dreamweaver Microsoft Expression Web
Describe mobile apps and app stores.
Mobile Apps Mobile Applications or Mobile Apps Add-on programs for a variety of mobile devices Smartphones or tablets Apps Breadth and scope are ever-expanding 500,000 just for iPhone Music, videos, social networking, shopping, games App Stores App Stores Provides access to mobile apps for downloads
Explain how a computer can represent numbers and encode characters electronically.
Numeric Representation Two-state consists of only two digits called bits On = 1; negative charge Off = 0; no charge Byte = 8 bits grouped together Hexadecimal system Uses 16 digits to represent binary numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F) Character Encoding Character encoding standards assign a unique sequence of bits to each character ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange Used by personal computers EBCDIC Extended Binary coded Decimal Interchange Code Used by mainframe computers Unicode New encoding due to explosion of the Internet Uses 16 bits Recognized by virtually all computer systems
Identify the four types of system software programs.
Operating Systems A collection of programs that handle technical tasks Functions 1. Manage computer resources 2. Coordinate memory, processing, storage, printers and monitors 3. Monitor system performance 4. Schedule tasks 5. Provide security 6. Start-up the computer Provides user interface Graphical user interface (GUI) Runs applications 1. Multitasking 2. Foreground and background applications Utilities Specialized __programs________________ to make computing easier Most essential utilities a. 1. Troubleshooting or _diagnostic programs • Recognizes and correct problems a. 2. _____Antivirus programs • Guard your computer against viruses a. 3. ______Backup programs • Copies of files to restore if necessary a. 4. ______File compression programs • Reduces the size of files for more efficient storage Device Drivers Language translators
Compare different web utilities, including plug-ins, filters, file transfer utilities, and Internet security suites
Plug-Ins Automatically start and operate as part of your browser Enhanced browsing experience enables special file formats and multimedia elements Acrobat Reader Flash Player QuickTime Windows Media Player Filters Block access to selected sites and can set time limits Monitor total time spent on the Internet and at individual web sites AVG Family Safety Qustodio Parental Control Norton Online Family Net Nanny McAfee Family Protection File Transfer Utilities Upload and download files to and from the Internet Three popular types of programs File transfer protocol (FTP) / Secure file transfer protocol (SFTP) Web-based file transfer services Bit-Torrent___ Internet Security Suites Designed to maintain your security and privacy while on the web Two best known suites McAfee Internet Security Symantec Norton Internet Security
Describe ports, including standard and specialized ports.
Ports Socket for connecting external devices to the system unit Ports connect directly To the system board To cards inserted into slots on the system board Two Types Standard Ports Specialized Ports Standard Ports USB Keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices Ethernet High speed networking HDMI- High Definition Multimedia Interface High definition video and audio Thunderbolt Provides high-speed connections Can connect up to 7 separate devices through 1 port Specialized Ports External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA) High-speed connection for external secondary storage Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) Connect musical instruments Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP) Connection to large monitors VGA & DVI Connections to analog and digital monitors FireWire High-speed connections to FireWire devices
Identify different pointing devices including game controllers and styluses.
Provide an intuitive interface by accepting and converting them into machine readable input Wide variety of devices such as: Mouse Touch screen Game controller Stylus
Compare different types of computer memory, including RAM, ROM, and flash memory.
RAM Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold programs and data that the CPU is presently processing Volatile or temporary - contents are lost when computer is powered off Cache memory - temporary, high-speed holding area between the memory and CPU Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a DIMM (Dual in-line memory module) Virtual Memory Dividing a program between memory and storage enabling the system to run very large programs Memory is expressed in bytes ROM Read-only memory (ROM) Information stored by the manufacturer and cannot be changed CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM but the computer cannot change ROM Contain special instructions Start the computer Access memory Handle keyboard input Flash Memory Flash memory combines of the features of: RAM, it can be updated ROM, it is non-volatile Contains startup information BIOS (basic input/output system) Amount of RAM Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected
Describe search tools, including search engines and specialized search engines.
Search Engines Assist in locating specific information Specialized Search Engines Focus on subject specific websites
Describe office suites, cloud suites, specialized suites, and utility suites
Software Suites Collection of separate application programs Bundled together - sold as group Office suites or office software suite / productivity suites Microsoft Office Apple iWork, OpenOffice • Cloud suites or online office suites Google Docs (Making IT Work for You), Zoho, Microsoft Office 365 Specialized suites Focus on specific applications Corel Draw Graphics Suite X6 Moneyfree Software TOTAL Planning Suite Utility suites Designed to make computing easier and safer Norton Systems Works Norton Internet Security suite
Identify the four types of computers and the five types of personal computers
Supercomputers- Most powerful type of computer Special high-capacity computers Fastest processing massive amounts of data Used by large organizations Ex: used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns Mainframe Computers Capable of great processing speeds and large amounts of data storage Do not have as high of a capacity or as fast processing as supercomputers Used by large corporations Midrange Computers Also referred to as servers Less powerful than a mainframe computer but more powerful than a personal computer Support end users for specific needs such as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software. Personal Computers Least powerful Most widely used Fastest growing segment
Describe system boards, including sockets, slots, and bus lines.
System Board System board or main board or motherboard controls communication for the entire computer system All components and devices connect to the system board. Data path and traffic monitor Allows various components to communication efficiently with one another Sockets and Chips The system board contains a variety of electronic components Sockets - the connection point for chips Chips Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon Also called silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit Mounted on chip carriers Slots and Bus Lines Additional system board components: Slots Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards Provide expansion capabilities for the computer Bus Lines Connecting lines that provide pathways to support communication among electronic components
Distinguish between system software and application software.
System Software • Enables application software to interact with the computer hardware. • System Software is "background" software that helps the computer to manage internal resources • A collection of programs • Operating Systems - coordinate the computer's resources, provide a user interface, and run applications; (ex: Windows 10, Mac OS are stand-alone operating systems) • Networks use network operating systems (NOS) • Utilities - antivirus program. APPLICATION SOFTWARE • End-user software • Three types - generalized-purpose, specialized, and apps • General purpose application software that is used in nearly all careers (ex: browser, word processor, spreadsheet, database management system, presentation graphics) • Specialized computer programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations (ex: graphics and web authoring programs.). • Mobile apps
Compare desktop operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux, and virtualization.
Windows - Most Used OS Windows 8 integrates the desktop OS with its mobile OS Windows 10 merges Windows desktop and mobile operating systems Mac OS Mac OS X runs on Apple computers Two most recent versions: OS X -Improved power management OS X -New user interface UNIX and LINUX UNIX operating system a. 1. Servers on the Web b. 2. Mainframe computers c. 3. Personal Computers LINUX - version of UNIX • Alternative to windows • Open source - free Google Chrome OS based on Linux • Focuses on Internet connectivity and cloud computing • Speed is determined by the speed of the Internet
Identify the four most essential utilities
a. 1. Troubleshooting or _diagnostic programs • Recognizes and correct problems a. 2. Antivirus programs • Guard your computer against viruses a. 3. Backup programs • Copies of files to restore if necessary a. 4. File compression programs • Reduces the size of files for more efficient storage
Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices.
• Communication - widely used device is the modem, routinely communicates with other computer systems • System unit - houses components that make up a computer system. Two important components are the microprocessors and memory. • Input/output devices translate data and programs that humans understand into a form that the computer can process. Common input devices-keyboard and mouse. Most common output device is the display or monitor. • Secondary storage holds data and programs even after electrical power is off. The most common secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks.
