bisc 002 - chapter 5

22) Which one of the following is true? A) An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. B) Enzymes work generally on a broad range of substrates. C) Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. D) Enzymes emerge changed from the reactions they catalyze.

A) An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.

20) The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site. A) active B) substrate C) enzymatic D) conformational

A) active

6) Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system? A) entropy B) kinetic energy C) potential energy D) chemical energy

A) entropy

30) When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______. A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration B) exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration C) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration D) exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane

A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration

24) Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor? A) keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot B) driving the wrong way on a one-way street C) forgetting to put a cap back on a pen D) changing the tires on a car

A) keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot

2) An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have ______ energy resulting from its location or structure. A) kinetic... potential B) kinetic... conserved C) potential... kinetic D) stored... potential

A) kinetic... potential

4) A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy. A) potential B) no C) kinetic D) conserved

A) potential

40) Relaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called ______. A) signal transduction B) inhibition C) self-recognition D) selective permeability

A) signal transduction

28) Osmosis can be defined as ______. A) the diffusion of water B) the diffusion of nonpolar molecules C) active transport D) the diffusion of a solute

A) the diffusion of water

10) You have a 2-kg bottle of liquid water at 0°C. About how many Calories are needed to heat up the water to 100°C? A) 100 Calories B) 200 Calories C) 2,000 Calories D) 10,000 Calories

B) 200 Calories

8) Humans convert approximately ______ of the energy stored in food to useful work. A) 22% B) 34% C) 55% D) 99.9%

B) 34%

38) Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? A) endocytosis B) exocytosis C) phagocytosis D) passive transport

B) exocytosis

32) Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ______. A) is isotonic to the protozoan B) is hypotonic to the protozoan C) is hypertonic to the protozoan D) contains a higher concentration of solutes than the protozoan

B) is hypotonic to the protozoan

16) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______. A) increasing the temperature of the substrates B) contributing electrons to the reaction C) decreasing activation energy D) changing the pH of the substrates

C) decreasing activation energy

18) An enzyme's function is dependent on its ______. A) pH B) temperature C) shape D) size

C) shape

36) Active transport ______. A) uses ATP as an energy source B) can move solutes against their concentration gradient C) can involve the transport of ions D) all of the above

D) all of the above

34) In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______. A) undergo plasmolysis B) become flaccid C) burst D) become turgid

D) become turgid

12) Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) ______. A) adenosine B) heat unit C) photon D) phosphate group

D) phosphate group

26) Diffusion ______. A) is the result of the potential energy of atoms B) requires an input of cellular energy C) occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached

D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached

14) Usually, enzymes are ______. A) fats B) steroids C) chemical reactions D) proteins

D) proteins