BISC3-Chapter 14

How much of the Superfund is currently funded by corporate taxes?

0%

Where is e-waste shipped for recycling?

Countries with weak environmental regulations

Which of the following is an additional benefit of incinerators besides the fact that they reduce the need for landfill space?

Energy can be produced from waste heat.

Where does most e-waste go for (informal) recycling? Multiple select question. India Canada China Ghana

India Ghana

From the list of waste disposal methods, choose the one by which most municipal waste in the United States is disposed? Waste exporting Open dumping Ocean dumping Incinerating Landfilling

Landfilling

What type of gas is produced in a landfill from decomposition and can be collected and used as a fuel to generate electricity?

Methane

Match the material with how it is handled at a sanitary landfill. Methane- Liquid Contaminants-

Methane- Choice Vented, flared, or collected and used as fuel Liquid Contaminants-Choice Collected in a drainage system and then managed

Match the waste disposal method to its example or description.

Ocean Dumping-Choice Receives about 25,000 metric tons of packaging per year Incinerating-Choice Reduces volume of waste and creates energy and air pollution Open Dumping-Choice The most prevalent form of waste disposal in developing countries Waste Exporting- Choice Shipping waste to less-developed countries

What type of dumps are inexpensive but have many problems such as smell, fires, vermin, and people scavenging in these hazardous areas? _____ Dumps

Open

What components are necessary for composting? Multiple select question. Organic materials Decomposition Inorganic materials Anaerobic condition Aerobic conditions

Organic materials Decomposition Aerobic conditions

Ocean dumping results in widespread issues with sea life, such as seals being drowned in discarded nets and seabirds starving because their stomachs are filled with ___.

Plastic

Match the federal legislation with its regulatory function. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act drop zone empty. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act- Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act drop zone empty. Toxic Release Inventory-

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-Choice Requires testing and monitoring of hazardous substances Resource Conservation and Recovery Act drop zone empty. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act-Choice Rapid containment, cleanup, and remediation of abandoned waste sites; also known as Superfund Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act drop zone empty. Toxic Release Inventory-Choice Requires industry to disclose the toxins they produce

A sanitary landfill is used for ___ waste.

Solid

The revolving pool of funds that was designed to immediately respond to emergency situations and remediate abandoned or inactive polluted sites is called the ______

Superfund

True or false: The waste stream contains many valuable resources.

True

Sites on the NPL are those that ___.

are most in need of remediation

Plastics that are composed of or incorporate materials, such as cornstarch, that can be decomposed by microorganisms are termed ___.

biodegradable

Plants, bacteria, and fungi can be employed to treat hazardous waste in a process called

bioremediation

The use of organisms such as plants or bacteria to break down or detoxify hazardous wastes is called ___.

bioremediation

Of the many benefits linked to _________ development, urban revitalization has positive social and economic impacts.

brownfield

Abandoned or underutilized polluted properties are called ___

brownfields

Many municipalities __________ their solid waste, which creates large amounts of heat that power steam turbines to generate electricity.

burn

The incineration of hazardous waste is relatively quick and easy, yet ___.

can be expensive

The biological degradation or breakdown of organic matter under aerobic (oxygen-rich) conditions is ___.

composting

Brownfield sites are areas that have been, or have been suspected of being, _______ and therefore are abandoned or underutilized.

contaminated

Because a single PVC bottle mixed in with PET bottles can ruin the whole batch, __________ is a major obstacle in plastics recycling.

contamination

One of the issues with electronic waste is that much of the ___ is carried out in locations where workers have little or no health protection.

disposal and recycling

The Superfund was designed to provide money for immediate response to __________ events that pose imminent hazards without having the lengthy court processes that would delay cleanup.

emergency

The Superfund was established for NPL sites that ___

have been orphaned

Some of the benefits of using brownfield sites include ___. helping to rebuild urban areas having a spot to deposit hazardous waste reducing the destruction of open green space for development (sprawl)

helping to rebuild urban areas reducing the destruction of open green space for development (sprawl)

Landfilling costs are dramatically reduced when waste is __________ reducing waste volume by 80 to 90 percent.

incinerated

A quick way to dispose of hazardous wastes by heating the waste to over 1,000οC for a sufficient period of time is ___. When done incorrectly, it may lead to pollution.

incineration

The amount of e-waste is ___ rapidly every year, and therefore is adding to the amount of hazardous materials exposed to the environment.

increasing

Recycling reduces the stress on _____ for disposal by removing that material from the waste stream.

landfills

The type of waste that is a combination of household and commercial refuse, amounting to more than 250 million metric tons per year in the United States, is called _________ Solid Waste

municipal

The combination of household and commercial refuse is termed ___.

municipal waste

Issues with wildlife, such as seabirds and turtles, eating plastic and other trash are the result of littering and __________ dumping.

ocean

Every year, the production of beverage bottles consumes one billion barrels of ____

oil

Physical treatments tie up hazardous wastes into substances such as glass, ceramics, or cement so that they cannot enter the environment; the waste also needs to be stored ___.

permanently

The type of plastics that break down when exposed to ultraviolet radiation (light) are _______ plastics.

photodegradable

Hazardous waste treatments that isolate or tie up substances in glass or concrete but still require storage are ___ treatments, one type of hazardous waste disposal.

physical

As we switch to renewable energy sources, petrochemical companies are investing more in the production of ______

plastics

Recycling reduces the need for ___ to make a certain product, thereby reducing pressures on the areas where those materials are mined.

raw materials

One of the largest obstacles for the recovery rate of plastics is that many beverage bottles are designed to be used "on-the-go" and many do not make it to a(n) ________ bin

recycling

The reprocessing of discarded materials into new, useful products is

recycling

When a type of discarded material is reprocessed into a new product, ___ occurs.

recycling

How does recycling sometimes affect the operation of incinerators? Successful recycling programs have been known to ___.

reduce the amount of materials going to incinerators below contracted levels, thus forcing towns to buy trash from elsewhere

Although recycling glass bottles is more energy efficient than using virgin material, _________ is even more efficient because no energy is needed to melt down and reform the bottles.

reuse

Which of the following is the most energy efficient?

reusing

A landfill that has a thick plastic liner, compacted clay, impervious layers, monitoring wells, and is used for hazardous waste is called a(n) _____ landfill.

sanitary

The type of landfill that compacts and covers solid waste with dirt in order to decrease odors and discourage vermin populations is a(n) __________ landfill

sanitary

The type of landfill that is the most popular solution for hazardous waste is a(n) ___ landfill.

secure

The Superfund was paid for by a tax levied on the producers of toxic and hazardous wastes, but because of the actions of Congress in 1995, public ______ dollars now completely pay for the cost of toxic waste cleanup.

tax

RCRA, CERCLA, NPL, SARA, and TRI are all concerned with legislation that regulates _________ waste management.

toxic

Some of the issues with open dumps include ___. the high cost involved in maintaining them vermin smell the spread of waste and pollution by wind and runoff

vermin smell the spread of waste and pollution by wind and runoff

he steady flow of varied refuse and garbage that humans produce is called the ______ stream

waste