Chap 21 Reading

Match the grades of quadriceps contusions to their characteristics Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4

1- is is a superficial intramuscular bruise that produces mild hemorrhage, little pain, no swelling, and mild point tenderness at the site of the trauma 2- it produces mild pain, mild swelling, and point tenderness, with the patient unable to flex the knee more than 90 degrees 3- it causes moderate pain, swelling, and a range of knee flexion that is 90 to 45 degrees and an obvious 4- it produces severe pain, and swelling may lead to hematoma; movement of the knee is severely restricted, with 45 degrees or less flexion and a decided limp

Match grades of hamstring strains to the thigh to their characteristics Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

1. It is evidenced by muscle soreness during movement, accompanied by point tenderness 2. Represents a partial tearing of muscle fibers, identified by a sudden snap or tear of the muscle accompanied by severe pain and a lose of function during knee flexion 3. It constitutes the rupturing of tendinous or muscular tissue and involves major hemorrhage and disability

Match the grades of quadriceps contusions to their characteristics Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4

1. is a superficial intramuscular bruise that produces mild hemorrhage, little pain, no swelling, and mild point tenderness at the site of the trauma. There is no restriction of the range of motion 2. is deeper than grade 1 and produces mild pain, mild swelling, and point tenderness, with the patient unable to flex the knee more than 90 degrees 3.causes moderate pain, swelling, and a range of knee flexion that is 90 to 45 degrees and an obvious limp. 4. It produces severe pain, and swelling may lead to hematoma: movement of the knee is severely restricted, with 45 degreees or less flexion and a decided limp. p.g.636

The normal angle of the femoral neck is ___ degrees anterior to the long axis of the shaft of the femur and femoral condyles.

15 p.g.650

identify the questions to be asked by an athletic trainer to assess the history of a high injury in the athlete.

Was the onset sudden or slow? Has this injury occurred before? How was the thigh injured? Can the athlete describe the intensity or duration of the pain? Is the pain constant? If not, when does it occur? Can the athlete specify exactly where the pain is? What type of pain is there? Is the neural pain? p.g.635

A(n) ___ , or traction epiphysis, is a bony outgrowth and is contrasted to pressure epiphysis, which are the growth plates for long bones.

apophysis p.g.660

effective rehabilitation of quadriceps contusion involves ___.

apply cold packs along with gentle stretching

effective rehabilitation of quadriceps contusion involves ___.

applying cold packs along with gentle stretching p.g.637

During femoral fractures, there is a high incidence of ___ due to a limited blood supply in the region of the femoral head.

avascular necrosis p.g.640

identify a person who has sustained a grade-3 quadriceps muscle strain from the given examples.

crutches for 7-14 days 24 hour ice, compression, and electrical muscle stimulation modalities immediately p.g.639

A hip labral tear may be treated by ___.

exercises to maximize hip range of motion, hip strengthening and stability exercises avoidance of movements that place stress on the hip joint Pain medications surgery may be indicated, either to remove a piece of the torn labrum or to repair the tear using sutures p.g.656

The ___ is the longest an strongest bone in the body.

femur

The hip joint is formed by articulation of the ___ with the innominate or hip bone.

femur p.g.640-641

In Ely's test for hip injuries, while a patient lies in a prone position, the knee on the affected side is ___.

flexed p.g.649

In the Trendelenburg's hip test, the foot on he unaffected side is lifted so that the hip ___.

flexes p.g.648

The gracilis, sartorius, pectineus, and three adductor muscles collectively make up a part of the anatomical region of the inner thigh referred to as the ___.

groin p.g.634

Identify a component of the groin musculature

ilioposis, rectus femoris, and adductors group p.g.652

In context of joint mobilization techniques, for what are inferior femoral glides at 90 degrees of hip flexion used?

increase flexion of hip joint increase abduction of hip joint p.g.661-662

A characteristic of the hip joint is that it ___.

is a true ball-in-socket joint p.g.646

Arrange exercises for regaining thigh and hip strength after an injury is in the correct order

isometric exercise isotonic contraction isotonic progressive-resistive exercise isokinetic p.g.662

In Nobel's test, the pressure is applied to the ___.

lateral femoral condyle p.g.649

In trochanteric bursitis, patients complain of pain in the ___.

lateral hip p.g.653

Dislocation of the hip joint occurs as a result of traumatic force along the ___.

long axis of the femur

The sciatic nerve can be irritated by a disk problem in the low back, direst trauma, or trauma from surrounding structures, in which case sciatic nerve irritation is called ___.

piriformis syndrome p.g.656

The ___ is part of the posterior thigh muscles.

popliteus p.g.632-633

The ___ term is a catchall term that refers to chronic pubic region or inguinal pain.

pubalgia p.g.659

___ is an anterior soft-tissue that should be palpated during assessment of the hip,groin, and pelvis.

rectus femoris Sartorius Iliopsoas Inguinal ligament p.g.647

In the Kendall test for hip flexor tightness, a patient lies supine on a table with one knee flexed to the chest and the other knee flexed over the table's end with the back completely flat. In this position, the thigh will tough the table only if the ___ muscle is tight.

rectus femoris p.g.649

nerve fibers from the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and the first, second, and third sacral nerves form the ___.

sacral plexus p.g.644

During the assessment of the thigh injury, ___ is an anterior aspect of the soft-tissue structures that should be palpated.

sartorious Rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis p.g.635

Radiating pain in the back of the thigh, lateral calf, and foot. But no pain in the lower back.

sciatic/piriformis syndrome p.g.656

Match the following muscles of the hip to their attachments: The abdominal muscles The adductors The gluteals

the iliac crest the pubis the ilium p.g.645-646

Which of the following is part of the anterior thigh muscles?

the sartorius muscle p.g.631

The hip joint is substantially supported by the ligamentous tissues and muscles that surround it, so any unusual movement that exceeds the normal range of motion may result in tearing of tissue.

true

True or false: improper care of a thigh contusion can lead to myositis ossificans

true p.g.637

True or False: A direct force to the unprotected iliac crest causes severe pinching action to the soft tissue of that region.

true p.g.658

___ occurs from the temporary or permanent loss of the blood supply to the proximal femur.

Avascular necrosis

What are diagnostic tests used for labral pathologies?

Flexion Internal Rotation Test Flexion-Abduction-External Rotation Test Flexion-Adduction-Internal Rotation Test

Identify the anterior hip muscles

The psoas and iliacus muscle

In a female athlete, chronic pelvic pain has been attributed to ___.

active myofascial trigger points located in the hip muscles p.g.659

Femoral stress fractures are more likely in females who are ___.

amenorrheic

In a(n) ___ discrepancy, shortening may be equal throughout the lower limb or localized within the femur or lower leg.

anatomical p.g.650-651

The ___ is one of the main arteries that supply blood to the thigh.

circumflex femoral artery p.g.634

Identify a true statement about the rectus femoris

only quadriceps muscle that crosses the hip joint it extends the knee and flexes the hip

identify a person who has sustained a grade-3 quadriceps muscle strain from teh given examples.

p.g.639

Identify a symptom of osteitis pubis

point tenderness on the pubic tubercle, experiences pain while running, doing sit-ups, and doing squats. Pain in the groin area p.g.659

In the context of quadriceps muscle strains, ___ involvement is more disabling than a strain to any of the other quadriceps muscles.

rectus femoris p.g.638

match the types of the pelvis to their compositions false pelvis true pelvis

It is composed of the wings of the ilium. It is composed of the coccyx, the ischium, and the pubis. p.g.640

___ is avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease p.g.657

Identify the bony landmarks that should be palpated during assessment of the hip

Iliac crest anterior superior iliac spine anterior inferior iliac spine Greater trochanter Femoral neck Lesser trochanter Symphysis pubis Ischial tuberosity Posterior inferior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle p.g.646-647

Identify the lateral soft-tissue structures that should be palpated during assessment of the hip, groin, and pelvis.

Iliotibial band gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae p.g.647

Identify a true statement about iliopsoas

It attaches distally on the lesser trochanter of the femur p.g.643

A characteristic of an articular capsule is that ___.

It is a fibrous, sleevelike structure covering the synovial membrane p.g.641-642

match the posterior hip muscles to their attachments Gluteus Maximus Muscle Gluteus Minimus Muscle

It is attached above to the posterior aspect of the iliac crest, the sacrum, and the coccyx, as well as to the fascia in the area It attaches inferiorly to the anterior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur p.g.644