BJU Chemistry 3rd Edition Chapter 5

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Uranium (U)

Actinide

Lithium (Li)

Alkali Metal

Cesium (Cs)

Alkali Metals

Calcium (Ca)

Alkaline-Earth Metals

Sulfur (S)

Called brimstone in the Bible

Sodium (Na)

Constituent of table salt

Aluminium (Al)

Constitute of bauxite

Linus Pauling

Devised the commonly used elecronegativity scale

Johann Dobereiner

Formulated the concept of traids

Silicon (Si)

Found in glass and many minerals

Hydrogen (H)

Gas chemically similar to alkali metals

Fluorine (F), Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Oxygen (O)

Gaseous at room temperature

Phosphorus (P)

Glows in the dark

Bromine (Br)

Halogen

Ordering the elements in groups

How was the problem of several elements in odd places in Mendeleev's Table fixed?

Cerium (Ce)

Lanthanide

Bromine (Br), Mercury (Hg)

Liquid at room temperature

Antimony (Sb)

Metalloid

Fluorine (F)

Most electronegative element

Argon (Ar)

Noble Gas

Henry Moseley

Ordered the periodic table by atomic number

Dmitri Mendeleev

Played a lead role in developing the structure of the modern periodic table and predicted the existence of several missing elements at the time of his work

John Newlands

Proposed that elemental properties varied in octaves

Gold (Au)

Relatively inactive solid metal

Iodine (I)

Required for proper function of the thyroid gland

Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)

Responsible for making water hard

Caesium (Cs), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na)

Soft Metal

Group 1,2, and 13-18

The groups that are considered the representative groups

Organizes the elements so their properties can be remembered

The purpose of the periodic table

Iron (Fe)

Transition Metals

Tungsten (W)

Transition Metals

Periods or Series

Two names for the horizontal rows in the periodic table

Groups or Families

Two names for the vertical rows in the periodic table

Helium (He)

Used in balloons

They are soft and have low densities

What is most atypical about the alkali metals compared to other metals?

Arsenic (As) and Germanium (Ge)

Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period are semiconductors?

Bromine (Br) and Krypton (Kr)

Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period has the highest electronegativity?

Potassium (K)

Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period has the largest atomic radius, smallest first ionization energy, lowest electronegativity, and is found in salt replacements?

Bromine (Br)

Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period has the lowest electron affinity?

Krypton (Kr)

Which of the 18 elements in the 4th period is one of the least reactive elements?

Barium (Ba)

Which of the stable alkaline-earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) has the largest atomic radius, has the largest ionic radius, and has the smallest electronegativity?

Berylium (Be)

Which of the stable alkaline-earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) has the largest ionization energy?

Chlorine anions are chlorine atoms that gain electrons

Why are chlorine anions larger than chlorine atoms?

Sodium cations are sodium atoms that lost their outer shell

Why are sodium cations smaller than sodium atoms?

Chlorine (Cl) is less active

Why was chlorine (Cl) isolated before fluorine (F)?

They do not occur naturally

Why were pure metals like gold, silver and copper known in Old Testament times but metals like sodium, aluminum, and potassium not discovered until relatively recently?

The table was organized by mass

Why were several elements in odd places in Mendeleev's Table?


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